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Fuel burned and emissions of CO, NOx and total unburned hydrocarbons during the four LTO phases. Data were calculated from the EIs and fuel consumption provided by the ICAO databank (EASA, 2013). All in-use engines certified from 1976 to today (April 2013) were included and reprocessed as a function of LTO stages and standard times (i.e., 0.7 min for take-off, 2.2 min for climb-out, 4 min for approach and 26 min for idle).
