Table 5.
List of recent studies available in the literature conducted at airports or in their surroundings. The table also reports supplementary information (if available) about the target of the study, period and location of experiments, tested aircraft or engine models, measured pollutants, analysed LTO phases and sampling methodologies. The list of acronyms is provided in Table 3.
| Target; period; airport | Analysed compounds | Sampling; analytical | Engine thrusts (if know) or LTO phases | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air quality data in the vicinity of Hong Kong International Airport (1997–1998) and Los Angeles International Airport (2000–2001) | CO, NOx, SO2, and respirable suspended particles | Data from routine air quality monitoring site and special study | – | Yu et al. (2004) |
| Airport traffic at Heathrow (UK); Period: Jul. 2001–Dec. 2004 | NOx, NO2 | LHR2 site at 180 m north of the northern runway centreline. Experimental: Common automatic devices | – | Carslaw et al. (2006) |
| Ambient air and personal at Fiumicino Airport, Rome (Italy); Period: January–February 2005 | 23 PAHs, urinary 1-hydroxy-pyrene, micronucleus assay, Comet assay, Sister chromatid exchange | Air samples collected from airport apron, airport building and terminal/office area during 5 working days, plus a biomarker of exposure following 5 working day. Experimental: Active ECHO PUF sampler at 35 L/min for the first 20 min and at 120 L/min for the remaining 23 h and 40 min on each day, [GC/MS analysis] | – | Cavallo et al. (2006) |
| Individual plumes from 29 commonly used engines; Period: October 19–November 15, 2005; Location: London Heathrow (UK) | NOx | 180 m from the runway. Experimental: chemiluminescence monitor | – | Carslaw et al. (2008) |
| Analysis of the extent of Los Angeles International Airport emissions on downwind ambient air in a mixed use neighbourhood that includes residences. Period: spring of 2003 |
UFP, BC, NOx, particle-phase PAHs | Data collected at various sites in and around the airport: 500 m upwind of the north runway and downwind of the airport (500 m north and east of the centreline of the north runway; 100 m downwind of the taxiway; 100 m downwind of the south runway; 900 m downwind of the south runway). Experimental: CPC, SMPS, DMA, aethalometer, photoelectric aerosol sensor, NOx analyzer | – | Westerdahl et al. (2008) |
| APEX2-3: Oakland International Airport in August 2005, and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Oct–Nov 2005. |
NOx and NOy, including HONO | Panel truck. Experimental: TILDAS; quantum cascade-TILDAS; chemiluminescence analyzer | – | Wood et al. (2008b) |
| Airport traffic at Warwick, Rhode Island (USA); Period: July 2005–September 2006 | BC | Five monitoring sites: 4 close and 1 approx 3.7 km from the airport. Experimental: Continuous with aethalometers | – | Dodson et al. (2009) |
| General aviation and private jets at Santa Monica Airport (USA); Period: Spring and summer 2008 | UFP, PM2.5, BC, particle bound PAHs, CO, NOx, NO, NO2 | Downwind of the airport using an electric vehicle mobile platform equipped with fast response instruments. Experimental: CPC, FMPS, aethalometer, PAS, automatic measurements of gases | Idle/taxi and take-off | Hu et al. (2009) |
| Airport traffic at El Prat, Barcelona (Spain); Period: October 17-November 16, 2007 | PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 continuously; PM10 (EC, OC, SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, NH4+, Al, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, S, Na, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr) | Mobile laboratory van at about 130 m from the major runway. Experimental: PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 with laser-spectrometer dust monitors and PM10 on QFF using HI-VOL sampler | Take-off, sometimes landing | Amato et al. (2010) |
| Commercial aircraft; Period: 10–20 May 2005; Airports: Manchester and London Heathrow (UK) | Dispersion of exhaust plumes | Rapid-scanning LIDAR system installed at ground 200–330 m on the sides of runways | All modes were observed: taxiing, take-off, rotation, climb-out, approach, and landing. Landing tyre smoke | Bennett et al., 2010, Bennett and Christie, 2011 |
| Commercial airliners at London Heathrow (UK): A320 232; B757 236; B747 436) | PM elemental composition, particle size spectrum | Samples of dust from the undercarriage. Experimental: SEM/EDX; aerosizer/aerodisperser | – | Bennett et al. (2011) |
| Ambient air and personal at the Teterboro Airport, New York/New Jersey metropolitan area (USA); Period: Summer 2006 and winter 2006–2007; | BTEX | At 15 households located close to the airport (indoor, outdoor, and personal), at the end of airport runways and an out-of-neighbourhood location. Experimental: Passive samplers (48 h) [GC/MS] | – | Jung et al. (2011) |
| High-resolution monitoring and flight activity data to quantify contributions from LTO at T.F. Green Airport in Warwick (USA). Period: 2007–2008 | Particle number concentration | Four stationary monitoring sites around the airport. Experimental: CPC | Various LTO phases, especially departures | Hsu et al. (2012) |
| Aircraft emissions and local air quality impacts from take-off activities at Los Angeles International Airport (USA). Periods: September 2005; Feb–Mar 2006; May 2006 | Particle number concentrations and size distributions, and time integrated black carbon, PM2.5 mass, and chemical species | Data collected at the blast fence (∼140 m from the take-off position) and 5 sites located downwind, up to 600 m from the take-off runway and upwind of a freeway. Experimental: CPC, SMPS, aethalometers, BAM, PAH Tisch Sampler, canister and cartridge samplers[lab analysis] | Taxi-way and take-off operations | Zhu et al. (2011) |
| Contributions of aircraft arrivals and departures to UFP at Los Angeles International Airport (USA). Period: summer 2008 | Particle number concentration | Five sites around the airport. Experimental: Fast Mobility Particle Sizer | LTO phases: aircraft arrivals and departures | Hsu et al. (2013) |