Table 1.

Compounds with inhibitory activities against CHIKV

Compound	Structure	EC50(μM; unless stated otherwise)	CC50(μM; unless stated otherwise)	Refs
Inhibitors of viral entry
Chloroquine		7.0a 10.0b 17.2c	∼260d	[31]
Arbidol		12.2	376	[36]
Chlorpromazine		39.4	67.3	[39]
Perphenazine		48.1	155	[39]
Ethopropazine		61.5	166.9	[39]
Thiethylperazine		63.8	83.1	[39]
Thioridazine		71.5	179.4	[39]
Methdilazine		84.5	63.8	[39]
Inhibitors of viral protein translation
siRNA (against CHIKV nsP3 and E1)	N/A	N/R	N/R	[40]
shRNA (against CHIKV nsP1 and E1)	N/A	N/R	N/R	[41]
Harringtonine		0.24	>10	[43]
Homoharringtonine		N/R	>10	[43]
Inhibitors of viral replicase
Apigenin		70.8	>200	[39]
Chrysin		126.6	>200	[39]
Naringenin		118.4	94.1	[39]
Silybin		92.3	>200	[39]
Prothipendyl		97.3	>200	[39]
Trigocherrin A		1.5	35	[47]
Trigocherrin B		2.6	93	[47]
Trigocherrin F		3.0	23.1	[47]
Trigocherriolide A		1.9	4.6	[47]
Trigocherriolide B		2.5	5.3	[47]
Trigocherriolide C		3.9	10.5	[47]
ID1452-2		31	>31	[51]
Compound 1		5	72	[52]
Inhibitors of viral genome replication
Ribavirin		341.1	30.7 mM	[57]
6-Azauridine		0.82	208	[57]
Mycophenolic acid		0.1 (MOI 0.01) 0.21 (MOI 0.1) 1.8 (MOI 1.0) 3.21 (MOI 10) 7.81 (MOI 100)	30	[59]
Modulators of host immune response
IFN-α2a	N/A	11.1 IU/ml	>10,000 IU/ml	[57]
IFN-α2b	N/A	9.7 IU/ml	>10,000 IU/ml	[57]
Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid	N/A	N/R	N/R	[73]
Inhibitor of viral glycoprotein maturation
Decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethyl ketone		∼50d	N/R	[24]
Inhibitors with unknown targets
Trigowiin A		43.5	>100	[76]
Prostratin		2.6	79	[76]
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)		0.0029	5.7	[76]
4α-12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (4α-TPA)		2.8	5.3	[76]

CHIKV, Chikungunya virus; EC₅₀, 50% effective concentration; CC₅₀, 50% cytotoxic concentration; N/A, not applicable; N/R, not reported.

^aValues for pre-treatment with compound.

^bValues for co-treatment with compound.

^cValues for post-treatment with compound.

^dEstimated value.