Table 2.

Examples of receptor and ligands used in intracellular drug delivery^a

Receptor	Drug	Nanocarrier	Material and/or ligand	Disease	Size	Refs
αvβ3 integrin	c(RGDyC) or CTX	Nanochains	Dextran, IONPs	Glioma	100 nm	[21]
Biotin	QUE and DOX	Polymeric NPs	PEG-PCL	Breast cancer	105.8 nm	[118]
CD163	Calcein	Liposomes	PEG	Inflammatory and malignant processes	46 nm	[117]
CD31, integrin β3, transferrin	DOX, DIR or DID	Liposomes	SSL, RGD-SSL, 7PEP-SSL	Sarcoma	100 nm	[110]
CD44	SLM, PTX	Polymeric NPs	PLGA, HA	Breast cancer	150 nm	[114]
EGFR	PTX, parthenolide	Micelles	PEG2000-DSPE, vitamin E-TPGS	Lung cancer	15 nm	[113]
FcRn	Insulin	Polymeric NPs	PLA-PEG, IgG	Diabetes	63 nm	[116]
Folate	Nucleic acids	Polymeric NPs	aminoglycoside-derived	Breast and bladder cancer	< 200 nm	[119]
IGFR	Insulin-sodium oleate complex	Polymeric NPs	PLGA, Eudragit FS30D	Diabetes	213 nm	[115]
TLR2, TLR3, TLR9	MALP-2, poly(I:C), ODN	Polymeric NPs	PLGA, Eudragit FS30D	Genitorectal viral infection	10 Mm	[111]
Transferrin	Cyclosporine A	Polymeric NPs	PLGA, xanthanoid gambogic acid	N/A	100 nm	[112]
VB12	Insulin	Polymeric NPs	Dextran	Diabetes	192 nm	[120]

^aAbbreviations: 7PEP-SSL, 7PEP functionalized SSL; c(RGDyC), cyclic pentapeptide; CTX, chlorotoxin; FcRn, Neonatal Fc receptor; IGFR, insulin-like growth factor; IONPs, iron oxide nanoparticles; MALP-2, macrophage-activating lipoprotein; ODN, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides; PEG2000-DSPE, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000; PEG-PCL, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone); poly(I,C), polyinosine-polycytidylic acid; PTX, paclitaxel; QUE, Quercetin; RGD-SSL, RGD functionalized SSL; SLM, salinomycin; SSL, sterically stabilized liposomes; TLR, Toll-like receptors; Vitamin E-TPGS, vitamin E D-alpha tocopheryl polyethyleneglycol succinate.