Table 6.

Preventative and therapeutic approaches targeting rhinovirus infections

Therapeutic agent	Action	Effect	Evaluation	Ref
IFN-α	Elicit cellular antiviral effects	Decreased shedding if administered within 24hr	Toxicity	(Rotbart, 2002, Couch, 1984, Atmar, 2005, Hayden and Gwaltney, 1984, Hayden et al., 1983)
Pirodavir (R77975)	Capsid binder	Intranasal formulation useful against both antiviral groups; 3–6 doses per day	Variable efficacy, irritation and mucosal bleeding	(Hayden et al., 1992, Rotbart, 2002)
WIN 54954	Capsid binder	Broadly active in mice	Reduced efficacy in humans	(Rotbart, 2002, Patick, 2006)
Pleconaril	Capsid binder	Resolved symptoms 1–2 days earlier than placebo. Some strains are resistant.	FDA issued ‘not approvable’ letter because of side effects	(Rotbart, 2002)
BTA798	Capsid binder	Potent binding in animal models.	Good bioavailability and safety profile in animals. Phase I trial complete.	(Ryan et al., 2005)
Rupintrivir (formerly AG-7088)	3C protease inhibitor	Insignificant impact	Discontinued	(Patick et al., 2005, Rotbart, 2002, Wang and Chen, 2007, Binford et al., 2007)
Enviroxime	3A	Potent anti-replicative activity in vitro	Side-effects in vivo	(Couch, 1984)
Tremacamra	soluble ICAM-1 molecule	Could reduce experimental cold symptoms and the quantity of virus shed if administration occurs before or after inoculation but prior to the development of symptoms		(Turner et al., 2007)

FDA United States’ Food and Drug Administration.