Table 1.

Viruses infecting the human gut

Common causes of diarrhoea and vomitinga

•Rotaviruses (11–68%) •Caliciviruses (noroviruses, sapoviruses) (1–13%)b •Group F adenoviruses (1–10%) •Astroviruses (1–5%)

Uncommon causes of diarrhoea and vomiting or asymptomatic infection

•Kobuviruses (including Aichivirus) •Enteroviruses •Orthoreoviruses •Adenoviruses (other than group F) •Toroviruses •Coronaviruses (including SARS CoV) •Parvoviruses (including bocavirus)

Causes of diarrhoea in immunodeficient individualsc

•HIV •Cytomegalovirus •Herpes simplex virus •Picobirnaviruses •Adenoviruses types 42–47 (often systemic)

Viruses other than those that commonly cause diarrhoea are seen sporadically; on average, viruses represent about one-third of all microbial causes of childhood diarrhoea.

^aFigures in parentheses are detection ranges in various surveys.

^bMost common cause of outbreaks.

^cIn addition to common causes of diarrhoea and vomiting.