Table 2.
Zoonotic origin of emerging viral pathogens in human disease
| Virus (genus or type species) | Human disease | Animal source | Probability L = Likely P = Possible C = Confirmed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calicivirus | Diarrhoea | Swine, cattle | L |
| Rotavirus | Diarrhoea | Swine, cattle | L |
| Ebola virus | Haemorrhagic fever | Monkeys | P |
| Sin nombre virus | HFRS, HPS | Rodents | C |
| HIV | AIDS | Monkeys | L/C |
| HEV | Hepatitis | Swine | P |
| Influenza virus | Influenza | Pigs Horses Birds |
Reassortants L Reassortants L C |
| Hendravirus | Meningo-encephalitis | Fruit bat Tree shrew |
L L |
| Nipahvirus | Encephalitis | Pigs Dogs |
L P |
| Metapneumovirus | Respiratory tract infection | Birds | P |
| West Nile virus | Encephalitis | Birds | C |
| Cantalagovirus | Vesicular rash | Cattle | C |
| Borna disease virus | Encephalomyelitis | Horses | P |
| BSE agent | nvCJD | Cattle | P |
BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; HEV, hepatitis E virus; HFRS, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; HPS, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; nvCJD, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.