Table 1.
Viral infections in vivo and in vitro from different placental and embryo tissues.
| Family | Type of virus | Tissue or cell culture | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Herpesviridae | Epstein-Barr virus | Extravillous trophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and corium | Devergne et al. (2001) |
| Varicela virus | Fetal membranes and derived mesenchymal stromal-stem cells | Avanzi et al. (2013) | |
| Human cytomegalovirus | Decidua, villi, amniotic membrane and syncytiotrophoblast and derived mesenchymal stromal-stem cells | Avanzi et al. (2013); Weisblum et al. (2014); Tabata et al. (2016) | |
| Herpes simplex 1 y 2 | Extravillous trophoblast, cytotrophoblast (in vitro) and fetal membranes | Avanzi et al. (2013) | |
| Herpesvirus 6 | Syncytiotrophoblasts, embryo | Csoma et al. (2002); Avanzi et al. (2013) | |
| Filoviridae | Ebola virus | Syncytiotrophoblast and mononuclear cells of placenta | Muehlenbachs et al. (2016) |
| Retroviridae | Human immunodeficiency virus | Hofbauer cells and amniotic fluid | Johnson and Chakraborty (2016) |
| T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus | Syncytiotrophoblasts (in vitro) | Toth et al. (1995) | |
| Picornaviridae | Coxsackievirus | Trophoblast and amnion | Delorme-Axford et al. (2013) |
| Hepatitis A virus | Fetus from infected mother | Renge et al. (2002) | |
| Papillomaviridae | Human papilloma virus | Amnion, placental cells, uterine epithelium, syncytiotrophoblast | Freitas et al. (2013) |
| Hepadnaviridae | Hepatitis B virus | Umbilical cord and fetus, polymorphonuclear cells, Hofbauer cells and cytotrophoblast (in vitro) | Wang et al. (2008); Bai et al. (2014); Zhou and Wang (2015) |
| Hepeviridae | Hepatitis E | Placental villous and placental connective tissue and syncytiotrophoblast tissue | Bose et al. (2014) |
| Parvoviridae | Parvovirus B19 | Amniotic fluid, extravillous trophoblast (in vitro), fetal progenitor cells | Parry et al. (1997) |
| Adeno-associated virus | Amnion and embryo | Burguete et al. (1999) | |
| Flaviviridae | Hepatitis C virus | Primary trophoblast (in vitro), fetus, placental tissue | Ranger-Rogez et al. (2002) |
| Dengue virus | Adventitious tunic, umbilical and placental cord, macrophages, placental villi and endothelium | Dos Santos et al. (2016) | |
| Zika virus | Hofbauer cells, trophoblasts, cytotrophoblast, decidua, chorio-amniotic membrane, umbilical cord, chorionic villi | El Costa et al. (2016); Tabata et al. (2016) | |
| Togaviridae | Rubella virus | Chorionic villi, placental basal plate and fetus | Terry et al. (1986); Lazar et al. (2015) |