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. 2013 Jul 12;22(24):4871–4887. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddt338

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Figure 5. — Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers are elevated in Clpp^−/− tissue. Quantitative PCR of genes encoding respiratory chain subunits in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, Cox3 gene) versus nuclear DNA (nDNA, Ndufv1 gene) showed consistently elevated levels of mtDNA in Clpp^−/− mice, with high significance in an initial screen of testis tissue and an independent validation in testis tissues at the age of 3 months. The bar graph illustrates mean and SEM values.