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. 2008;49(3):303–309. doi: 10.1093/ilar.49.3.303

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This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Ventral aspect of female Ornithonyssus bacoti (top) and Laelaps echidnina (bottom). The three chitinized shields—sternal (1), genital (2), and anal (3)—and setae (4) are often used for identification. Diagram reproduced, with modifications, from Baker EW, Evans TM, Gould DJ, Hull WB, Keegan HL. 1956. A Manual of Parasitic Mites of Medical and Economic Importance, with permission from the publisher, National Pest Management Association, formerly the National Pest Control Association, NY.