Table 4. Association between mobility patterns and mortality in the first year postpartum among HIV-positive women in 2000–2016.
| Method 1 | Method 2† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)‡ | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)‡ |
| Migration | ||||
| Resided within DSA | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Resided outside DSA | 2.33 (0.79–6.89) | 2.34 (0.79–6.95) | 3.72 (2.34–5.93)** | 3.76 (2.29–6.19)** |
| Migration and delivery within DSA | 1.03 (0.30–3.51) | 1.08 (0.32–3.67) | 1.38 (0.81–2.37) | 1.35 (0.76–2.40) |
| Migration and delivery outside DSA | 3.01 (1.11–8.11)* | 2.74 (1.01–7.40)* | 2.34 (1.35–4.04)** | 1.62 (0.89–2.96) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <20 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 20–30 | 1.35 (0.31–5.83) | 1.35 (0.31–5.87) | 0.87 (0.48–1.56) | 0.98 (0.51–1.88) |
| >30 | 1.17 (0.26–5.33) | 1.35 (0.29–6.23) | 0.70 (0.37–1.30) | 1.15 (0.53–2.47) |
| Time period (calendar year) | ||||
| 2000–2010 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2011–2016 | 0.34 (0.15–0.79)* | 0.36 (0.15–0.84)* | 0.10 (0.05–0.18)** | 0.14 (0.08–0.27)** |
| Delivery setting | ||||
| Own home | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Hospital | 0.68 (0.20–2.29) | 0.54 (0.30–0.96)* | 0.87 (0.47–1.60) | |
| Clinics | 0.22 (0.05–1.11) | 0.36 (0.18–0.70)** | 0.51 (0.25–1.03) | |
| Other or unknown | 0.61 (0.12–3.01) | 0.66 (0.32–1.38) | 0.43 (0.19–0.96)* | |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 1 | 0.80 (0.30–2.15) | 0.76 (0.48–1.20) | 0.65 (0.39–1.10) | |
| 2+ | 0.70 (0.28–1.73) | 0.59 (0.38–0.90)* | 0.52 (0.29–0.94)* | |
| Education | ||||
| Secondary+ (grade ≥8) versus grade <8 |
1.04 (0.40–2.72) | 0.57 (0.37–0.88)* | 0.91 (0.57–1.46) | |
| Socioeconomic status (household asset) | ||||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Poor | 0.51 (0.16–1.58) | 0.51 (0.16–1.60) | 0.16 (0.11–0.25)** | 0.25 (0.16–0.39)** |
| Medium | 0.41 (0.13–1.30) | 0.43 (0.14–1.35) | 0.09 (0.05–0.14)** | 0.14 (0.08–0.23)** |
| Rich or richest | 0.11 (0.02–0.49)** | 0.12 (0.03–0.52)** | 0.03 (0.01–0.06)** | 0.05 (0.02–0.10)** |
Statistically significant p-values (<0.05) are in bold font.
*p-value < 0.05.
**p-value < 0.01.
†Women with unknown HIV status whose death were attributable to AIDS or TB were considered as HIV-positive.
‡Adjusted for all other covariates shown in each column.
Abbreviations: DSA, demographic surveillance area; TB, tuberculosis