Table 3. Results of moderator analyses of exposure to suicide attempt across suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation outcomes.
| Moderator | Number of effect sizes | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value | R2(2) | R2(3) | ANOVA between-group P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proximity | ||||||
| Relative | 14 | 3.14 (2.25 to 4.38) | <0.001 | |||
| Friend or acquaintance | 5 | 2.64 (1.72 to 4.03) | <0.001 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.39 |
| Population at risk | ||||||
| Adult | 1 | 1.43 (0.48 to 4.32) | 0.52 | |||
| Youth | 18 | 3.19 (2.35 to 4.32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.18 |
| Outcome measurement | ||||||
| Official records | 10 | 2.60 (1.75 to 3.87) | <0.001 | |||
| Self-report | 9 | 3.62 (2.30 to 5.68) | <0.001 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.29 |
| Exposure measurement | ||||||
| Informant interview | 3 | 1.64 (0.90 to 2.99) | 0.12 | |||
| Official records | 5 | 3.60 (2.12 to 6.10) | <0.001 | |||
| Self-report | 11 | 3.49 (2.45 to 4.98) | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.12 |
| Psychological autopsy | ||||||
| No | 16 | 3.53 (2.63 to 4.73) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 3 | 1.64 (0.90 to 2.99) | 0.13 | <0.001 | 0.38 | 0.03 |
| Study design | ||||||
| Case–control | 10 | 2.74 (2.04 to 3.69) | <0.001 | |||
| Cohort | 7 | 2.69 (1.82 to 3.99) | <0.001 | |||
| Cross-sectional | 2 | 8.23 (4.70 to 14.30) | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.73 | 0.02 |
| Study quality | ||||||
| Good | 7 | 3.74 (2.20 to 6.30) | <0.001 | |||
| Fair | 9 | 2.95 (1.93 to 4.50) | <0.001 | |||
| Poor | 3 | 2.18 (1.10 to 4.32) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.48 |
ANOVA, analysis of variance.