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. 2020 Mar 9;9:e50469. doi: 10.7554/eLife.50469

Figure 7. ROI analyses of the neural correlates of task-set inference.

The areas in blue represent the regions of interest identified in the previous analysis (Table 1) using a significant threshold of FWE p=0.05. (a) Correlations between the BOLD signal at the onset feedback and the parametric modulators of the time series of Wc⁢h⁢o⁢s⁢e⁢n, positive rewards, and the inference signal. (b) Comparison of BOLD activity on the first chunked trial of the model behavioral predictions (per episode, if it existed from sufficient learning, Figure 6a,b,c) with two trials immediately before and after it (see Materials and methods). Effect sizes in arbitrary units for the recurrent and the open-ended session. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean over the 40 subjects. dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; dmPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex .

Figure 7—source data 1. Neural correlates of the synaptic strength in the associative network, and of the inference from the task-set network to the associative network.
top, Activations (FWE p=0.05) from the parametric modulator corresponding to the synaptic strength of the chosen association in the associative network, Wc⁢h⁢o⁢s⁢e⁢n, at the onset decision. bottom, Activations (FWE p=0.05) from the parametric modulator corresponding to the inference from the task-set network to the associative network, at the onset feedback. No activation (FWE p=0.05) was found in the open-ended session. dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; dmPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex; [x y z] are MNI coordinates; REC: Recurrent session; OE: Open-Ended session.
Figure 7—source data 2. Control independent ROI analysis: neural correlates of the inference signal from the task-set network to the associative network, at the onset feedback.
top, Statistical difference between activations in the recurrent session and in the open-ended session, in independent ROIs for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. bottom, Statistical difference between activations in the recurrent session and in the open-ended session, in independent ROIs for dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; dmPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex; [x y z] are MNI coordinates.

Figure 7.

Figure 7—figure supplement 1. ROI analysis in the hippocampus.

Figure 7—figure supplement 1.

The area in blue represents the ROI of hippocampus from WFU PickAtlas (Lancaster et al., 2000). It is tested for the parametric modulators of the time series of Wc⁢h⁢o⁢s⁢e⁢n at the onset decision and Wc⁢h⁢o⁢s⁢e⁢n, positive rewards, and the inference signal at the onset feedback. Effect sizes in arbitrary units for the recurrent and the open-ended session. Error bars correspond to the standard error of the mean over the 40 subjects. HPC: hippocampus; [x y z] are MNI coordinates.
Figure 7—figure supplement 2. TN inference parametric regressor for four selected subjects, for the recurrent session (left) and the open-ended session (right).

Figure 7—figure supplement 2.

For each subject, the value of the parameter JI⁢N⁢C specifying the strength of the inference signal is indicated. Parametric regressors were z-scored (Lebreton et al., 2019).