Table C3:

Target and estimated marginal variance matrices V^(d)(τ) from the data generative model described in appendix C. The “unstructured estimate” is produced by estimating the variance at each timepoint and for each DTR, and correlation for each DTR using the unstructured estimate in table 2, then averaging over DTRs. The “exchangeable estimate” is computed by assuming variance is constant over time and DTR, and using the exchangeable estimate of ρ from table 2, averaged over DTRs. The exchangeable estimate is used in simulations assuming working assumption A2 is satisifed.

Design	Target Structure	Unstructured Estimate	Exchangeable Estimate
I	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}64& 19.2& 19.2\\ 19.2& 64& 19.2\\ 19.2& 19.2& 64\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}63.9& 19.3& 19.1\\ 19.3& 63.8& 18.7\\ 19.1& 18.7& 62.5\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}63.4& 18.9& 18.9\\ 18.9& 63.4& 18.9\\ 18.9& 18.9& 63.4\end{array}\right)$
II	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}36& 10.8& 10.8\\ 10.8& 36& 10.8\\ 10.8& 10.8& 36\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}35.9& 10.9& 11.0\\ 10.9& 35.9& 11.1\\ 11.0& 11.1& 35.8\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}35.9& 10.9& 10.9\\ 10.9& 35.9& 10.9\\ 10.9& 10.9& 35.9\end{array}\right)$
III	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}64& 19.2& 19.2\\ 19.2& 64& 19.2\\ 19.2& 19.2& 64\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}63.9& 19.4& 19.9\\ 19.4& 63.7& 21.3\\ 19.9& 21.3& 63.6\end{array}\right)$	$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}63.8& 20.0& 20.0\\ 20.0& 63.8& 20.0\\ 20.0& 20.0& 63.8\end{array}\right)$