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. 2020 Mar 31;10:5722. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62580-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Postoperative inflammation analysis of non-human primate cartilage defect model after cartilage transplantation: Right (Rt) knees received defect surgeries as controls, while left (Lt) knees received cartilage gel transplantation. (A) Knee circumference was measured before and after transplantation in all five animals to assess indirect inflammation on the joints. Note that knee circumferences returned to baseline in all groups by postop week 4. (B) WBC count was measured from whole blood before and after transplantation to assess inflammation. Note that no leukocytosis/ leukopenia was observed in all groups beyond postop week 4. (C) C-reactive protein level was measured from whole blood before and after transplantation to assess inflammation. Note that all animals achieved levels below 1 mg/L by postop week 1. (D) Histology (H&E) of synovium. None to mild inflammatory reactions were observed in all synovium, with no difference between controls and cartilage gel transplantation groups (E). Overall, signs of rejection, or chronic inflammation were not present in all animals. (F) IHC stain for inflammatory marker CD45 was performed. Statistical analysis done with Mann-Whitney test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Magnification x100, x40.