TABLE 1.

Top upregulated pigmentation-associated genes in TCQA-treated mice (vs. control) *.

Gene symbol	Gene name	Biological function	Fold-change	P-value**
Cdh11	Cadherin 11	Influence the melanin biosynthesis via Wnt pathway	5.37	0.005
Pax3	Paired box 3	DCT regulation; neural crest migration; MITF activation	3.38	0.026
Ctnnb1	Catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Melanocyte stem cells differentiation; MITF activation; pigmentation	3.33	0.043
Fzd2	Frizzled class receptor 2	Canonical Wnt signaling pathway activation	2.89	0.035
Creb	cAMP-response element binding protein	Transcription of MITF	2.67	0.031
Stat3	Signal transducer activator of transcription 3	PAX3 activation; melanocyte viability	2.34	0.004
Tyr	Tyrosinase	Melanin biosynthetic process; melanocytes proliferation	2.34	0.002
Dct	Dopachrome tautomerase	Melanin biosynthetic process; melanocyte development	2.28
Tyrp1	Tyrosinase-related protein 1	Melanin biosynthetic process; Melanosome membrane	2.23	0.085
Agmo	Alkylglycerol monooxygenase	Reduction of ROS emission	2.22	0.021
Mitf	Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor	Pigmentation; positive regulation of transcription; melanocyte differentiation	2.17	0.007
Mc1r	Melanocortin 1 receptor	Melanin biosynthetic process; pigmentation	2.06	0.002
Sox10	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10	Melanocyte differentiation in the hair follicle; pigmentation	2.06	0.003
Kitl	Kit ligand	Neural crest cell migration; melanocytes proliferation	2.03	0.015

TCQA, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid; DCT, dopachrome tautomerase; MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species. *Gene functions were obtained from Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI). **ANOVA was performed to assess the level of significance between groups. The gene expression was considered significant when fold change was ≥ 2-fold (control vs. TCQA).