Table 2.

The in vitro mechanism underlying the inhibition of MPTP opening-induced neuronal apoptosis by authorized drugs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Agents	Cell lines	Model	Dose	Time periods	Mechanisms	References
TongLuo JiuNao injection	BMECs of SD rats	OGD (95% N2 and 5% CO2 6 h)/R (74% N2, 21% O2, and 5% CO2, 6 h)	2 μl/ml	Before OGD, the neurons were incubated 6 h in drug treatment and then equilibrated OGD	VEGF↑, MMP↑; LDH↓, Ca2+↓, cytosolic Cyto-c↓, NMDAR1↓, PAF↓	Li et al., 2014
QianCao NaoMaiTong mixture	SH-SY5Y	OGD (N2, 1 h)/R (24 h)	0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml	Pretreatment for 2 h and during reperfusion period	Caspase-3/8↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓	Lu et al., 2016
YiQi FuMai powder injection	PC12	OGD (5% CO2, 94% N2, and 1% O2, 12 h)	100, 200, and 400 μg/ml	during OGD period	Bcl-2↑; neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓, Caspase-3↓, cleaved Caspase-3↓, Caspase-12↓, CHOP↓, GRP78↓, ATF-4/6↓, p-eIF2α/eIF2α↓, XBP-1↓, Hoechst 33342 positive neurons↓	Cao et al., 2016
	PCN of embryonic, 16–18-d SD rats	100 μM H2O2 for 12 h	100, 200, and 400 μg/ml	6 h before and during H2O2 treatment	ATP↑, MMP↑; Bcl-2↑, Bcl-xl↑, cytosolic Drp1↑, cytosolic PKCδ↑; Bax↓, Bak↓, Caspase-3↓, cleaved Caspase-3↓, mtROS↓, PKCδ↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓, intracellular ROS↓, p-Drp1/Drp1↓, mtDrp1↓, mtPKCδ↓	Xu Y. et al., 2017
DanHong injection	PCN of embryonic, 14-d C57 BL/6 mice	OGD (95% N2 and 5% CO2, 6 h)	0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μl/ml	During OGD period	LDH↓, ROS↓, Ca2+↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓	Xu J. et al., 2017
XingNaoJing injection	HBMECs	OGD (5% CO2, 85% N2, and 10% H2, 3 h)/R (24 h)	1.5 and 2.5 μl/ml	Pretreatment for 1 h and during reperfusion period	p-eNOS/eNOS↑, MMP↑, NO↑; cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓	Zhang Y. et al., 2018

↑, upgrade; ↓, downgrade.