Table 3.

The in vivo and in vitro mechanism underlying the inhibition of MPTP opening-induced neuronal apoptosis by TCM prescriptions in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

In vivo study
Agents	Objects	Gender	Weight (g)	Animal model	Dose	Time periods	Mechanisms	References
DiHuang YinZi	Wistar	Both	320–350	MCAO (1 h)/R (10 d)	6 and 12 g/kg, i.g.	30 min after MCAO, 10 d, q.d.	synaptophysin↑, ERK↑; LDH↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓	Hu et al., 2009
XueFu ZhuYu decoction	Wistar	Male	250–300	MCAO (1 h)/R (24 h)	1.5 and 3.0 g/kg, i.g.	Pretreatment for 14 d, q.d.	cleaved Caspase-3↓, HIF-1α↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓	Lee et al., 2011
BuYang HuanWu decoction	ICR	Male	17–22	MCAO (30 min)/R (14 d)	0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, i.g.	2 h after reperfusion, 14 d, b.i.d.	glucose metabolism↑, BrdU↑; ROS↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓, CD11b↓	Wang et al., 2011
ShengNaoKang decoction	SD	Male	280–320	MCAO (2 h)/R (24 h)	0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 g/kg, i.g.	Pretreatment for 6 d and 1 d after reperfusion, q.d.	SOD↑; GSH-Px↑, Caspase-3↓, MDA↓, iNOS↓, TNOS↓	Chen et al., 2014
TaoHong SiWu decoction	Wistar	Male	250–300	MCAO (1 h)/R (24 h)	0.7 g/kg, i.g.	Pretreatment for 14 d, q.d.	cleaved Caspase-3↓, HIF-1α↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓	Yen et al., 2014
HuangLian JieDu tang	SD	Male	300–350	MCAO (2 h)/R (72 h)	2.7 g/kg, i.g.	Single dose and pretreatment for 24 h	p-PI3K/PI3K↑, p-AKT/AKT↑, HIF-1α↑, EPO↑, VEGF↑, BrdU↑; LDH↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓	Zhang Q. et al., 2014
XiaoXuMing decoction	SD	Male	250–280	MCAO (1.5 H)/R (24 h)	60 g/kg, i.g.	Pretreatment for 3 d, t.i.d.	mtBcl-2↑, mtCyto-c↑, cytoplasmic Bax↑, cytoplasmic c-IAP1↑; mtbroken cristae↓, cleaved Caspase-3/9↓, p53↓, mtp53↓, mtBax↓, cytoplasmic Smac↓, cytoplasmic Cyto-c↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓	Lan et al., 2014
GuaLou Guizhi decoction	SD	Male	280–300	MCAO (2 h)/R (7 d)	14.4 g/kg, i.g.	Posttreatment for 7 d, q.d.	NeuN↑, MAP-2↑, Bcl-2↑; GFAP↓, Bax↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓	Zhang Y. et al., 2014
MuXiang You fang	SD	Male	260–300	MCAO (2 h)/R (48 h)	58, 116, and 232 mg/kg, i.g.	Posttreatment for 3 d, q.d.	Bcl-2↑, Bcl-2/Bax↑; Bax↓, Cyto-c↓, Caspase-3/7/9↓	Zhao et al., 2016
ShuanTongLing	SD	Male	250–280	MCAO (1.5 h)/R (24 h)	5.7 and 17.2 ml/kg, i.g.	Pretreatment for 7 d, q.d.	SIRT1↑, Bcl-2↑; TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, Ac-p53↓, Bax↓	Mei et al., 2017
In vivo study
Agents	Cell lines	Model	Dose	Time periods	Mechanisms			References
DiDang tang	PC12	OGD (95% N2 and 5% CO2, 0.5–2.5 or 2–10 h)	12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml	After the OGD induced PC12 cell model for 24 or 48 h	Bcl-2/Bax↑; Ca2+↓, MMP↓, GRP78↓, p-IRE1/IRE1↓, p-PERK/PERK↓, p-eIF2α/eIF2α↓, p-Bad/Bad↓, ATF-6↓, Cyto-c↓, cleaved PARP↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓			Huang et al., 2018

↑, upgrade; ↓, downgrade.