Table 4.
The in vivo mechanism underlying the inhibition of MPTP opening-induced neuronal apoptosis by herbal medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
| Agents | Objects | Gender | Weight (g) | Animal model | Dose | Time periods | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcuma oil | SD | Male | 200–225 | MCAO (1 h)/R (24 h) | 250 mg/kg, i.p. | Single dose and pretreatment for 0.5 h | Bcl-2↑, MMP↑; MPO↓, nitrite↓, nitrate↓, iNOS↓, nNOS↓, e NOS↓, peroxynitrite↓, ROS↓, Ca2+↓, Cyto-c↓, p53↓, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓, neuronal apoptosis under flow cytometry↓ | Dohare et al., 2008 |
| Hawthorn extract | SD | Male | 300–320 | MCAO (1.25 h)/R (3 or 24 h) | 100 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 15 d, q.d. | Bcl-xL↑, Foxp3↑, pSTAT-3/STAT-3↑; IL-10↑; MPO↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-1β↓, ICAM-1↓, CD3+ & CD8+ positive cells↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Elango and Devaraj, 2010 |
| Rosa laevigata Michx | SD | Male | 250–300 | MCAO (2 h)/R (24 h) | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 7 d, q.d. | Bcl-2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, MMP↑; MDA↓, T-NOS↓, NO↓, iNOS↓, MMP-9↓, p53↓, Apaf1↓,Fas↓, Fasl↓, Bax↓, Bid↓, Cyto-c↓, cleaved Caspases-3/8/9↓, NF-κB↓, COX-2↓, TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, IL-4↓, IL-6↓, p-JNK↓, p-ERK↓, p-p38↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Zhang et al., 2013 |
| PNP | Wistar | Male | 250–300 | MCAO (2 h)/R (22 h) | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 7 d, q.d. | Bcl-2/Bax↑; cleaved Caspase-3↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Dong et al., 2014 |
| LBP | ICR | Male | 20–25 | MCAO (2 h)/R (24 h) | 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 7 d, q.d. | Bcl-2↑; Bax↓, Cyto-c↓, Caspases-3/9↓, cleaved PARP-1↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Wang T. et al., 2014 |
| Rhizoma Pinelliae Pedatisectae | SD | Male | 250–300 | MCAO (2 h)/R (24 h) | 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 7 d, b.i.d. | SOD↑, Bcl-2↑; Bax↓, MDA↓, TNF-α↓, IL-1 β↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Ye et al., 2016 |
| Clinacanthus nutans Lindau | Long-Evans | Male | —— | MCAO (0.5 h)/R (24 h) | 10–60 pg, icv; 24 mg/kg, i.p. |
Single dose and 30 min after MCAO; pretreatment for 1 h or posttreatment for 3–24 h |
PPAR-γ↑, C/EBPβ↑, 14-3-3ϵ↑, p-Bad↑, Bad↑, Bcl-2↑; cleaved Caspase-3↓, PARP↓ | Wu J. et al., 2017 |
| Spatholobi Caulis extract | SD | Male | 240–260 | MCAO (0.75 h)/R (7 d) | 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 3 d and posttreatment for 7 d, q.d. | BDNF↑, β-III-tubulin↑, ROS↓, GFAP↓, cleaved PARP↓, cleaved Caspases-3↓, p-p38↓, p-JNK↓, TUNEL-positive neurons↓ | Park et al., 2018 |
| Radix Scrophulariae aqueous extract | KunMing mice | Male | 18–22 | MCAO (2 h)/R (22 h) | 2.4 g/kg, i.g. | Pretreatment for 7 d; q.d. | Bcl-2↑, SOD↑, MDA↓, NO↓, Bax↓, p-ERK1/2↓, p-P38↓ | Meng et al., 2018 |
↑, upgrade; ↓, downgrade.