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. 2020 Mar 27;15:2095–2118. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S244349

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© 2020 Chen et al.

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Surface morphology of the samples observed by SEM with the insets showing the higher-magnification images.

Notes: (A) 5V, (B) 15V, (C) 25V, (D) 5VZn, (E) 15VZn, (F) 25VZn, (G) pure Ti. The red arrows indicate zinc nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscopy; Ti, titanium; Zn, zinc; 5V/15V/25V, TNTs formed by anodization at a voltage of 5V/15V/25V; 5VZn/15VZn/25VZn, ZnO nanoparticles incorporated in 5V/15V/25V TNTs.