Table 2.

Immune Cells Involved in Hepatic Inflammation During NASH

Cell Type	Activator/Recruiting Factor	Role in NASH
Kupffer cells	NLRP3 inflammasome, TLRs, IFN genes	Promote NASH in early phase. Produce increased TNFα and CCL2
Bone marrow‐derived monocytes	CCL2/CCR2 axis	Promote inflammation and fibrosis in NASH
Dendritic cells		Unclear. Increased intracellular lipid and proinflammatory phenotype
Neutrophils		Promote NASH through antimicrobial secretion and NETs
Th1 and Th17 cells		Promote NASH through increased production of IFNγ and IL‐17
Th2 cells		Decreased production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13
Cytotoxic T cells	Type I IFNs	Promote NASH and HCC. Produce increased amounts of IFNγ and TNFα
B cells		Unclear, promote fibrosis in mouse models of hepatic injury