Table 1.

Clinical features and staging of patients with lacrimal sac mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Patient	Age, years/sex	Laterality	Presenting symptoms (duration in months)	Imaging findings (CT scan)	Secondary sites of involvementa	pTb	cNb	cMb	Stageb	Surgical management	Adjuvant therapy	Recurrence or metastases, follow-up in months
1	45/M	Left	Epiphora and recurrent dacryocystitis (12 months)	2.5-cm soft tissue mass at medial canthal area, associated with globe displacement	Inferomedial orbit, nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus	3	x	x	At least III	LS and NLD resection, lateral rhinotomy, ethmoidectomy, medial maxillectomy, orbital exenteration	XRT	N/A
2	24/M	Right	Ephiphora (9 months), LS mass (4 months)	N/A	Nasal cavity, medial orbit	3	x	x	At least III	LS and NLD resection, medial orbital tissue resection	None	N/A
3	62/M	Right	Epiphora, recurrent dacyocystitis, LS mass, pain (16 months)	1.9-cm LS mass with erosion of lacrimal bone and bony lacrimal duct	Maxilla, medial orbit	3	0	0	III	LS and NLD resection, ethmoidectomy, medial maxillectomy, middle and inferior turbinectomy	None	No, 23 months
4	66/F	Left	Epiphora, LS mass, eye irritation, nasal congestion (10 months)	1.6-cm soft tissue mass in LS without bony erosion	Nasal cavity	1	0	0	I	LS and NLD resection, medial maxillectomy, ethmoidectomy, anterior turbinectomy	XRT	No, 20 months
5	65/M	Right	Epiphora, eye pain (6 months)	2.5-cm soft tissue mass in LS	Maxilla, medial orbit	3	0	0	III	LS and NLD resection, medial maxillectomy	XRT	No, 13 months
6	63/M	Right	LS mass, pain (6 months)	1.5-cm soft tissue mass in LS with bony changes	Maxilla, medial orbit	3	0	0	III	LS resection, medial maxillectomy	XRT	No, 17 months

CT, computed tomography; NLD, nasolacrimal duct; LS, lacrimal sac; x, not available; N/A, not available; pT, pathology tumor grouping by size; cN, clinical documentation of nodal metastasis; cM, clinical documentation of distal metastasis; XRT, external beam radiotherapy.

^aBased on imaging studies with pathologic confirmation.

^bTNM classification and stage groupings are adopted from the AJCC classification of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus (patients 1, 2, and 4) and maxillary sinus (patients 3, 5, and 6), 8th edition [18].