Table 2. Characteristics of studies included in the review.
| Characteristics | Studies | ||||
| Study reference | Nakajima H et al. [6] | Zenda T et al. [11] | Kucuk O et al. [10] | Tsuge et al. [12] | Khayat AA et al. [13] |
| No. of patients | 1 | 1 | 74 | 4 | 2 |
| No. of cases | 1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 2 |
| Sex (M/F) | F | F | N/A | Case 1: F; Case 2: F Case 3: M; Case 4: M |
Case 1: F Case 2: M |
| Patient Age (yrs) | 48 | 56 | 0–17 | 1–7 | Case 1: 3 Case 2: 8 |
| Symptoms | Abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Tenderness in epigastrium and right hypochondrium. | Abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea. Tenderness in left lower abdomen. |
Vomiting, diarrhoea, and dehydration. | Vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration, and fever with reduced bowel sounds. Case 2 had convulsions. |
Anaemia, haematemesis, diarrhoea. |
| Peak AST (IU/l) | 892 | 1150 | 45.6 | 794 | 700 |
| Peak ALT (IU/l) | 146 | 458 | 31.7 | 423 | 400 |
| Peak GGT (IU/l) | N/A | 73 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Peak ALP (IU/l) | No rise | 318 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Other abnormal results | None | None | Hct 36.9, WCC 13510, CRP 9.7 | Case 2: leucocytosis (WBC 13670IU/l) Case 3: hyponatraemia |
Case 1 had normal liver biopsy. |
| Onset to recovery of symptoms (days) | 7 | 4 | N/A | Day 8, day 13, day 8 and day 18 in cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. | Case 1: 150; Case 2: 14. |
| Onset of illness to LFT recovery (days) | 14 | 14 | N/A | Case 1: 26; Case 2: 26;Case 3: 27; Case4: 28 . | Case 1: 480; Case 2: 270 |
| Requiring hospitalisation/IV support | Hospitalisation | Hospitalisation | 40 (54%) were hospitalized and 34 (46%) had an observed follow-up. | Cases 1–3 were hospitalized. | Hospitalised |
| Management | Supportive therapy | Bowel rest and intravenous rehydration. | IV rehydration | Intravenous fluids for cases 1-3 and oral/IV glycyrrhizin for all. | Case 1 had IV IVIG during their recovery from norovirus infection. |
| PMH | Cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy 4 years ago. Drinks alcohol. | Surgery for appendicitis, myoma uteri, gallstones (cholecystectomy) | N/A | N/A | Case 1 had a liver transplant due to hepatoblastoma. Case 2 had liver transplant due to congenital hepatic fibrosis and Caroli's disease. |
| Outcome of cases | Alive without chronic liver disease. | Alive without chronic liver disease. | N/A | Alive without chronic liver disease. | Alive without chronic liver disease. |
Notes: Abbreviations: PMH, past medical history; IV, intravenous; Hct, haematocrit; WCC, white cell count; CRP, c-reactive protein; IVIG, immunoglobulins; M, male; F, female; N/A, not available.