Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Subject Characteristics | GOLD I (n = 1) and II (n = 39) | GOLD III (n = 28) and IV (n = 11) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (range), y | 66.9 (44–85) | 68.0 (44–89) |
| Male | 17 (43) | 22 (56) |
| Smoking, median (interquartile range), pack-y | 44.1 (39.5) | 53.0 (32.5) |
| Current smokers | 13 (33) | 11 (28) |
| BODE score, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.5) | 5.5 (2.3) |
| Dyspnea score, median | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| % predicted FEV1 at baseline postbronchodilator, mean (SD) | 60.7 (7.5) | 35.3 (8.0) |
| 6-min walk distance, mean (SD), m | 408 (97) | 324 (124) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28.5 (5.4) | 25.9 (6.6) |
| ED visit for breathing difficulties in previous year | 9 (23) | 13 (33) |
| ≥ 1 hospitalization for breathing difficulties in previous year | 5 (13) | 9 (23) |
| C-reactive protein titer, median (interquartile range), mg/L | 3.0 (4.7) | 4.3 (5.8) |
| Subject medication profile at baseline | ||
| Short-acting β2-agonist | 24 (60) | 37 (95) |
| Long-acting β2-agonist | 3 (8) | 3 (8) |
| Inhaled steroid | 3 (8) | 5 (13) |
| Combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2-agonist | 27 (68) | 29 (74) |
| Anticholinergics including tiotropium and ipratropium/albuterol | 30 (75) | 34 (87) |
| Oral steroid | 0 (0) | 2 (5) |
| Leukotriene receptor antagonist | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Theophylline | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
| Antibiotics | 2 (5) | 1 (3) |
Data are given as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. BODE = BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.