Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants prior to randomization according to sex
| Standard care |
P-value (women vs. men) | Standard care + CTCA |
P-value (women vs. men) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Women | Men | |||
| Number | 910 | 1163 | 911 | 1162 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 57.0 (9.2) | 56.9 (10.0) | 0.794 | 57.5 (9.7) | 56.8 (9.7) | 0.121 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.9 (6.5) | 29.6 (5.6) | 0.229 | 30.4 (6.8) | 29.2 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13 (1.4) | 28 (2.4) | 0.153 | 11 (1.2) | 33 (2.8) | 0.016 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
| Cigarette smokera | 458 (50.4) | 632 (54.5) | 0.067 | 452 (49.7) | 643 (55.4) | 0.011 |
| Hypertension | 303 (33.6) | 380 (33.0) | 0.795 | 304 (33.7) | 408 (35.5) | 0.428 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 83 (9.1) | 138 (11.9) | 0.053 | 77 (8.5) | 146 (12.6) | 0.003 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 502 (55.2) | 679 (58.4) | 0.154 | 513 (56.3) | 716 (61.6) | 0.017 |
| Family history | 432 (47.7) | 397 (34.6) | <0.001 | 427 (47.5) | 460 (39.9) | 0.001 |
| History of coronary heart disease | 49 (5.4) | 137 (11.8) | <0.001 | 49 (5.4) | 137 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Anti-platelet medication | 401 (44.1) | 583 (50.1) | 0.021 | 399 (43.8) | 610 (52.5) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 341 (37.5) | 543 (46.7) | <0.001 | 338 (37.1) | 564 (48.5) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockade | 180 (19.8) | 304 (26.1) | 0.003 | 198 (21.7) | 306 (26.3) | 0.029 |
| ACE-inhibitor/ARB | 130 (14.3) | 214 (18.4) | 0.040 | 118 (13.0) | 223 (19.2) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 84 (9.2) | 110 (9.5) | 0.919 | 80 (8.8) | 103 (8.9) | 0.527 |
| Nitrates | 241 (26.5) | 349 (30.0) | 0.193 | 219 (24.0) | 351 (30.2) | 0.004 |
| Other antianginal therapy | 31 (3.4) | 44 (3.8) | 0.736 | 29 (3.2) | 49 (4.2) | 0.267 |
| Anginal symptomsb | 0.118 | <0.001 | ||||
| Typical | 301 (33.1) | 424 (36.5) | 281 (30.9) | 456 (39.2) | ||
| Atypical | 231 (25.4) | 255 (22.0) | 254 (27.9) | 248 (21.3) | ||
| Non-anginal | 377 (41.5) | 482 (41.5) | 375 (41.2) | 458 (39.4) | ||
| Electrocardiogram | ||||||
| Normal | 783 (87.0) | 952 (82.7) | 0.009 | 789 (88.1) | 968 (84.0) | 0.010 |
| Stress electrocardiogram | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Performed | 746 (82.3) | 1007 (87.0) | 756 (83.3) | 1008 (87.1) | ||
| Normal | 477 (69.4) | 612 (64.4) | 491 (69.0) | 616 (65.3) | ||
| Inconclusive | 129 (18.8) | 154 (16.2) | 139 (19.5) | 146 (15.5) | ||
| Abnormal‡ | 81 (11.8) | 185 (19.5) | 82 (11.5) | 182 (19.3) | ||
| Further investigations | ||||||
| Stress imaging | ||||||
| Radionuclide | 129 (14.2) | 84 (7.2) | <0.001 | 115 (12.6) | 61 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Other | 7 (0.8) | 6 (0.5) | 0.719 | 6 (0.7) | 9 (0.8) | 0.504 |
| Invasive coronary angiography | 76 (8.4) | 184 (15.8) | <0.001 | 59 (6.5) | 196 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Baseline diagnosis of angina due to CHD | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 103 (11.3) | 163 (14.0) | 110 (12.1) | 157 (13.5) | ||
| Unlikely | 524 (57.6) | 537 (46.3) | 525 (57.7) | 538 (46.3) | ||
| Probable | 239 (26.3) | 363 (31.3) | 240 (26.4) | 362 (31.2) | ||
| Yes | 43 (4.7) | 98 (8.4) | 35 (3.8) | 105 (9.0) | ||
| Baseline diagnosis of CHD | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 49 (5.4) | 83 (7.1) | 58 (6.4) | 80 (6.9) | ||
| Unlikely | 487 (53.6) | 495 (42.6) | 475 (52.2) | 477 (41.0) | ||
| Possible | 314 (34.5) | 420 (36.2) | 328 (36.0) | 444 (38.2) | ||
| Yes | 59 (6.5) | 163 (14.0) | 49 (5.4) | 161 (13.9) | ||
Values are expressed as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Missing data (standard care alone, standard care + CTCA): atrial fibrillation n = 4 (3, 1); prior coronary heart disease n = 4 (3, 1); smoking habit n = 7 (5, 2); hypertension n = 41 (20, 21); hypercholesterolaemia n = 4 (3, 1); family history n = 43 (21, 22); angina symptoms n = 4 (3, 1); concomitant therapies n = 4 for all (3, 1 for all); resting electrocardiogram n = 46 (22, 24); exercise electrocardiogram n = 18 (10, 8); exercise electrocardiogram outcome n = 234 (121, 113); further investigations n = 6 (4, 2); stress imaging n = 4 (3, 1); coronary angiography n = 4 (3, 1); and baseline diagnosis n = 4 (3, 1).
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CHD, coronary heart disease.
Current/ex-smokers.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria.