Table 3.

Results of quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of Web-based advance care planning programs comparing the intervention group (Web-based advance care planning program) with baseline and/or control groups.

Studies	Program	ACPa knowledge	Self-efficacy	ACP readiness	Identification of goals, values and preferences	ACP communication	ACP documentation	ACP revision	ACP helpfulness (making decisions)	Quality of ACP or accuracy	Satisfaction	Health care use	Decision concordance
Volandes et al [31]	ACP Decisions	—b	—	—	—	—	+ c	—	—	—	—	↓d	—
Green and Levi [34]	Making Your Wishes Known	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	+	—	—	—
Markham et al [40]	Making Your Wishes Known	+	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Green et al [39]	Making Your Wishes Known	+	—	—	+	+	—	—	+	—	+	—	—
Van Scoy et al [42]	Making Your Wishes Known	+	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Levi et al [43]	Making Your Wishes Known	+	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	+
Green et al [45]	Making Your Wishes Known	—	NSe	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	+
Lindquist et al [49]	Plan Your Lifespan	—	—	NS	—	+	+	+	—	—	—	—	—
Sudore et al [53]	PREPARE For Your Care	+	+	+	+	+	+	—	—	—	—	—	—
Sudore et al [52]	PREPARE For Your Care	+	+	+	+	+	+	—	—	—	NS	—	—
Lum et al [54]	PREPARE For Your Care	+	+	+	—	+	+	—	—	—	—	—	—
Sudore et al [55]	PREPARE For Your Care	+	+	+	—	+	+	—	+	—	NS	—	—
Periyakoil et al [56]	The Letter Project Advance Directive	—	—	—	+	—	—	—	+	—	—	—	—
Totalf	13	8	5	5	4	6	6	1	3	1	3	1	2

^aACP: advance care planning.

^b—: Not examined by statistically comparing groups.

^c+: significant increase.

^d↓: significant decrease.

^eNS: effectiveness examined, but no significant differences found.

^fTotal number of studies in which the outcome measures were examined by comparing the intervention group (Web-based advance care planning program) with baseline and/or control groups.