Table 2.
Determinants for untreated morbidity among older people aged 60 years and above in India: NSSO 60th and 71st round (using Binary Logistic Regression).
| 60th round (N = 9973) |
71st round (N = 8567) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background variables | Model-1 | Model-2 | Model-1 | Model-2 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| (Youngest-old) 60-69 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| (old-old) 70-79 | 1.03(0.91,1.17) | 1.03(0.9,1.18) | 0.84(0.69,1.03) | 0.97(0.78,1.19) |
| (oldest-old) 80+ | 1.35*(1.1,1.66) | 1.38*(1.11,1.72) | 0.9(0.65,1.24) | 1.09(0.78,1.53) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.21*(1.06,1.38) | 1.07(0.92,1.26) | 0.89(0.74,1.09) | 0.97(0.77,1.22) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate/No formal schooling | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary completed | 0.79*(0.69,0.91) | 0.75*(0.65,0.87) | 0.72*(0.59,0.89) | 0.76*(0.62,0.94) |
| Secondary completed | 0.6*(0.45,0.79) | 0.51*(0.38,0.69) | 0.47*(0.32,0.68) | 0.52*(0.35,0.76) |
| Higher secondary completed | 0.51*(0.33,0.77) | 0.47*(0.3,0.73) | 0.32*(0.17,0.59) | 0.35*(0.18,0.65) |
| Graduate and above | 0.38*(0.25,0.57) | 0.29*(0.18,0.45) | 0.72(0.49,1.05) | 0.83(0.56,1.24) |
| Below poverty Line (BPL) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.36*(1.18,1.56) | 1.42*(1.23,1.65) | 1.67*(1.34,2.09) | 1.5*(1.2,1.89) |
| Economic independence | ||||
| Independent | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| Partially dependent | – | 0.83*(0.7,0.99) | – | 1.13(0.89,1.43) |
| Fully dependent | – | 0.86*(0.74,0.99) | – | 0.80(0.64,1.00) |
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Living alone | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| Living with spouse | – | 0.53*(0.41,0.67) | – | 0.70(0.42,1.17) |
| Living without spouse | – | 0.53*(0.41,0.68) | – | 0.80(0.48,1.36) |
| Insurance | ||||
| No | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| Yes | – | 1.82*(1.57,2.12) | – | 1.1(0.88,1.37) |
| Diseases | ||||
| Infectious | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| Chronic | – | 1.35*(1.13,1.6) | – | 0.67*(0.52,0.86) |
| Others | – | 1.17(0.98,1.41) | – | 0.73*(0.55,0.97) |
| Duration of ailment | ||||
| Less than 15 days | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| More than 15 days | – | 1.03(0.89,1.18) | – | 0.36*(0.29,0.45) |
| Caste | ||||
| SC/ST | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Non SC/ST | 0.71*(0.62,0.82) | 0.71*(0.61,0.82) | 0.78*(0.64,0.96) | 0.83(0.67,1.03) |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Islam | 0.97(0.82,1.16) | 0.96(0.8,1.16) | 0.98(0.75,1.29) | 1.07(0.81,1.41) |
| Christianity | 1.06(0.81,1.4) | 1.05(0.79,1.41) | 1.84*(1.28,2.64) | 1.87*(1.28,2.71) |
| others | 0.82(0.58,1.15) | 0.85(0.59,1.22) | 0.77(0.46,1.28) | 0.79(0.47,1.32) |
| Type of Residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | 1.34*(1.18,1.53) | 1.42*(1.24,1.64) | 1.52*(1.26,1.85) | 1.41*(1.15,1.71) |
| Region | ||||
| South | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| North | 0.5*(0.4,0.63) | 0.5*(0.4,0.63) | 1.27(0.92,1.76) | 1.11(0.79,1.54) |
| Central | 1.16(0.98,1.36) | 1.14(0.96,1.35) | 1.94*(1.47,2.56) | 1.64*(1.23,2.2) |
| East | 1.27*(1.07,1.5) | 1.22*(1.02,1.45) | 3.04*(2.38,3.87) | 2.49*(1.93,3.2) |
| North East | 1.2(0.96,1.51) | 1.06(0.82,1.36) | 3.82*(2.63,5.54) | 2.46*(1.66,3.66) |
| West | 0.75*(0.61,0.92) | 0.75*(0.61,0.93) | 1.06(0.75,1.5) | 0.95(0.66,1.36) |
* if P < 0.05.
Ref: Reference category.
BPL is calculated using Tendulkar committee estimates for the year 2004 and 2012.
BPL is at individual level as it has been divided by household size.
SC/ST: Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; Non- SC/ST: Others.