Table 3.
Heckprobit model for chronic disease and treatment seeking behaviour among older people aged 60 years and above in India, NSSO 60th and 71st round.
| Background variables | Chronic disease |
Treatment seeking |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Outcome equation) |
(Selection Equation) |
|||
| 60th round | 71st round | 60th round | 71st round | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| (Youngest-old) 60-69 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| (old-old) 70-79 | 0.11*(0.06,0.16) | 0.07(-0.02,0.16) | −0.16*(-0.27,-0.05) | 0.01(-0.2,0.23) |
| (oldest-old) 80+ | −0.06(-0.15,0.03) | −0.1(-0.24,0.03) | −0.17(-0.36,0.01) | 0.19(-0.15,0.53) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | −0.42*(-0.48,-0.37) | −0.48*(-0.56,-0.39) | 0.18*(0.01,0.36) | 0.41*(0.15,0.66) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate/No formal schooling | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Primary completed | 0.24*(0.18,0.3) | 0.34*(0.24,0.44) | 0.13(-0.08,0.33) | −0.19(-0.43,0.05) |
| Secondary completed | 0.3*(0.19,0.42) | 0.42*(0.27,0.57) | 0.37*(0.05,0.69) | 0.08(-0.28,0.44) |
| Higher secondary completed | 0.4*(0.25,0.56) | 0.44*(0.23,0.65) | 0.39(-0.06,0.84) | 0.36(-0.02,0.74) |
| Graduate and above | 0.36*(0.23,0.5) | 0.47*(0.29,0.65) | 0.89*(0.4,1.38) | −0.30(-0.78,0.19) |
| Below poverty Line (BPL) | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | −0.25*(-0.32,-0.19) | −0.12*(-0.24,-0.06) | −0.08(-0.29,0.13) | −0.11(-0.33,0.11) |
| Economic independence | ||||
| Independent | – | – | Ref. | Ref. |
| Partially dependent | – | – | 0.24*(0.02,0.46) | 0.27(-0.21,0.75) |
| Fully dependent | – | – | 0.24*(0.01,0.47) | 0.04(-0.5,0.57) |
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Living alone | – | – | Ref. | Ref. |
| Living with spouse | – | – | 0.06(-0.1,0.21) | 0.14(-0.16,0.45) |
| Living without spouse | – | – | 0.12*(0,0.25) | 0.12(-0.14,0.38) |
| Insurance | ||||
| No | – | – | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | – | – | −0.3*(-0.45,-0.14) | −0.06(-0.3,0.17) |
| Duration of ailment | ||||
| Less than 15 days | – | – | Ref. | Ref. |
| More than 15 days | – | – | −0.18*(-0.32,-0.05) | 0.27(-0.06,0.61) |
| Caste | ||||
| SC/ST | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Non SC/ST | 0.12*(0.06,0.19) | 0.06(-0.05,0.17) | 0.12(-0.05,0.29) | 0.43*(0.18,0.69) |
| Source: drinking water | ||||
| Improved | Ref. | Ref. | – | – |
| Tap | −0.06*(-0.12,0) | −0.18*(-0.28,-0.09) | – | – |
| Unimproved | −0.09(-0.2,0.03) | −0.17(-0.36,0.02) | – | – |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Islam | 0.18*(0.1,0.26) | 0.25*(0.13,0.38) | −0.15(-0.32,0.02) | −0.26(-0.57,0.04) |
| Christianity | 0.3*(0.17,0.42) | 0.14(-0.05,0.32) | −0.18(-0.43,0.07) | −0.06(-0.44,0.32) |
| others | 0.23*(0.11,0.35) | 0.3*(0.11,0.5) | 0.16(-0.16,0.47) | 0.12(-0.26,0.51) |
| Type of Residence | ||||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | −0.24*(-0.29,-0.18) | −0.18*(-0.27,-0.09) | −0.14(-0.32,0.04) | −0.26*(-0.51,-0.02) |
| Region | ||||
| South | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| North | −0.42*(-0.5,-0.35) | −0.7*(-0.83,-0.58) | 0.37*(0.16,0.57) | 0.52*(0.18,0.85) |
| Central | −0.53*(-0.6,-0.46) | −0.94*(-1.07,-0.8) | 0.17(-0.1,0.44) | 0.06(-0.29,0.4) |
| East | −0.45*(-0.52,-0.38) | −0.75*(-0.87,-0.62) | 0.15(-0.27,0.28) | 0.18(-0.1,0.47) |
| North East | −0.49*(-0.62,-0.35) | −1.52*(-1.78,-1.26) | 0.45*(0.18,0.73) | 0.73*(0.31,1.14) |
| West | −0.1*(-0.18,-0.02) | −0.73*(-0.85,-0.6) | 0.17*(0.02,0.33) | 0.32(-0.05,0.69) |
| athrho | −0.79*(-1.66,-0.52) | −1.63*(-2.8,-0.47) | ||
| rho | −0.66(-0.93,0.08) | −0.93(-0.99,-0.44) | ||
| Wald chi2 | 129.60* | 82.77* | ||
| Number of obs | 34,760 | 27,107 | ||
| Censored obs | 29,420 | 21,450 | ||
| Uncensored obs | 5,340 | 5,657 | ||
*if P < 0.05.
Ref: Reference category.
BPL is calculated using Tendulkar committee estimates for the year 2004 and 2012.
BPL is at individual level as it has been divided by household size.
SC/ST: Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; Non- SC/ST: Others.