Table 3.

List of important zoonotic protozoal pathogens associated with animals¹

Protozoan	Animal hosts	Transmission routes	Disease	Present in manure
Balantidiasis coli	Pigs, wild animals	Food, water	Balantidiasis	Yes
Cryptosporidium parvum	Calves, lambs, many mammals	Direct contact, food, water, inhalation	Cryptosporidiosis	Yes
Giardia lamblia	Cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, many others	Food, water	Giardiasis	Yes
Microsporidia  (many genera)	Pigs, cattle, goats, others	Possible ingestion of dirty water, inhalation	Microsporidosis	Yes
Toxoplasmosis gondii	Domestic cats, pigs, many mammals	Fecal-oral, water, undercooked meat	Toxoplasmosis	Yes

¹ Krauss et al. (2003) and Sobsey et al. (2006).