Fig. 2.

IPP induces TNF-α and IFN-γ production by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. (A) Quantitative analysis of cytokines released by IPP-stimulated PBMCs. The presence of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the supernatants of either unstimulated (white bars, all below 15 pg/ml) or 24-h IPP-stimulated (black bars) PBMCs of healthy donors (n = 12) was simultaneously measured by CBA. Data are shown as the arithmetic mean + SD. (B, C) IPP treatment induces TNF-α and IFN-γ production by Vγ9Vδ2 cells. Two-color intracellular flow cytometric analysis was used to measure the frequency of (B) TNF-α- and (C) IFN-γ-producing Vδ2 T lymphocytes present in PBMCs treated with IPP for 24 h. The percentage of positive cells is reported. In parentheses the percentage of cytokine-producing Vδ2 T cells among total Vδ2 T cells is reported. A representative analysis from one experiment is shown (n = 12).