Table 1.

Smad7-binding partners

Smad7-binding partners	Function	References
AIP4	Stabilizing the complex between ALK5 and Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-β signaling	[19]
Arkadia	Degradation of Smad7	[20]
Axin	An adaptor between Smad7 and Arkadia	[21]
Cas-L (Crk-associated substrate lymphocyte type)	Facilitating TGF-β signaling by interfering with the inhibitory effect of Smad7	[26]
FKBP12	An adaptor between ALK5 and Smad7–Smurf1	[27]
GADD34-PP1c	Dephosphorylation of ALK5	[16]
HDACs	Deacetylation of Smad7 and inhibition of TGF-β signaling	[34,35]
Hic-5/ARA55	Degradation of Smad7	[23]
Jab1/CSN5	Degradation of Smad7	[22]
Nedd4-2	Degradation of the type I receptors, R-Smads and Smad4	[14]
p300/CBP	Acetylation and stabilization of Smad7	[34,35]
Phosphatase 1α	Dephosphorylation of ALK1	[17]
SIK (the salt-inducible kinase)	Degradation of TβRI	[25]
SIRT1	Deacetylation of Smad7 and inhibition of TGF-β signaling	[33]
Smurf1/2	Degradation of the type I receptors, R-Smads, Smad4 and Smad7	[14]
STRAP	Stabilizing the complex between ALK5 and Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-β signaling	[18]
TRAFs; TAK1	Activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway by TGF-β with Smad7 as an adaptor; inhibition of NF-κB signaling by dissembling the TRAF–TAK1–TAB2/3 complex via Smad7	[12,42,80]
Yes-associated protein (YAP65)	facilitating the recruitment of Smad7 to activated TβRI	[24]
WWP1/Tiul1	Degradation of the type I receptors, R-Smads and Smad4	[14]