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. 2010 Sep 3;153(2):191–222. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.08.008

Table 3.

Marine pharmacology in 2007–8: marine compounds with miscellaneous mechanisms of action.

Compound/organisma Chemistry Pharmacological activity IC50b MMOAc Countryd References
Azumamide E (133)/sponge Peptideg Histone deacetylase inhibition 50–80 nM Selective inhibition of isoforms 1, 2, and 3 ITA (Maulucci et al., 2007)
1-Deoxyrubralactone (134)/fungus Shikimate X and Y DNA polymerase inhibition 12–60 μM Specific inhibition of DNA polymerase β and κ JPN (Naganuma et al., 2008)
Fucoxanthin (135)/alga Carotenoid Antioxidant in vitro 0.14–2.5 mg/mL Hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging JPN (Sachindra et al., 2007)
Okadaic acid (136)/sponge Polyketidee Protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibition 0.96 nM⁎⁎ Okadaic acid binding to proteins OABP1 and OABP2 JPN (Sugiyama et al., 2007)
Saproxanthin (137) and myxol (138)/bacterium Polyketidee l-Glutamate toxicity inhibition 3.1–8.1 μM Lipid peroxidation inhibition JPN (Shindo et al., 2007a)
Sarcomilasterol (139)/sponge Triterpenef Osteoblast growth stimulation 3 μM Alkaline phosphatase elevation S. KOR, VNM (Van Minh et al., 2007)
Spirastrellolides C, D, and E (140, 141, 142)/sponge Polyketidee Premature mitosis inhibition 0.4–0.7 μM Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition CAN (Williams et al., 2007a, Williams et al., 2007b)
Spongia sesterterpenoid (143)/sponge Terpenoidf Hypercholesterolemia antagonist 2.4 μM Farnesoid X-activated receptor coactivator peptide inhibition S. KOR (Nam et al., 2007)
Stylissadines A and B (144, 145)/sponge Alkaloidg Reduction of voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry 4.5 μM Irreversible effect requiring lipophilic brominated side chain DEU (Bickmeyer et al., 2007)
Symbiodinolide (146)/dinoflagellate Polyketidee Voltage-dependent N-type Ca2+ channel activation 7 nM Cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition JPN (Kita et al., 2007)
Asterias amurensis saponin (147)/starfish Triterpenef Osteoblast cell proliferation 50 μM⁎ Undetermined CHN (Liu et al., 2008a, Liu et al., 2008b)
Botrytis sp. α-pyrone derivative (148)/fungus Polyketidee Tyrosinase inhibition 4.5 μM Undetermined CHN, S. KOR (Zhang et al., 2007)
Cephalosporolides H and I (149, 150)/fungus Polyketidee Xanthine oxidase and steroid dehydr. inhib. < 0.29 mM Undetermined CHN, DEU (Li et al., 2007a, Li et al., 2007b)
Chaetominedione (151)/fungus Alkaloidg p56lck tyrosine kinase inhibition < 200 μg/mL⁎ Undetermined EGY (Abdel-Lateff A., 2008)
Circumdatin I (152)/fungus Alkaloidg Ultraviolet A-protecting 98 μM Undetermined S. KOR (Zhang et al., 2008a, Zhang et al., 2008b)
Diapolycopenedioic acid xylosyl ester (153)/bacterium Terpenoidf Lipid peroxidation inhibition 4.6 μM Undetermined JPN (Shindo et al., 2007)
Echinogorgia complexa furanosesquiterpenes (154, 155)/soft coral Terpenoidf Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition 2.5–4.3 μM Undetermined ESP, IND, ITA (Manzo et al., 2007)
19-epi-Okadaic acid (156)/dinoflagellate Polyketidee Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition 0.47 nM Undetermined ESP (Cruz et al., 2007)
Erylosides F and F1 (157, 158)/coral Terpenoidf Activation of Ca2+ influx 100 μg/mL⁎ Undetermined ITA, RUS (Antonov et al., 2007)
Hippocampus kuda phthalates (159, 160, 161)/seahorse Polyketidee Cathepsin B inhibition 0.18–.29 mM Undetermined CHN, S. KOR (Li et al., 2008a, Li et al., 2008b, Li et al., 2008c)
Irregularasulfate (162)/bacterium Terpenoidf Calcineurin inhibition 59 μM Undetermined CAN, NLD, PAP (Carr et al., 2007)
Kempopeptins A and B (163, 164)/bacterium Peptideg Elastase and chymotrypsin inhibition 0.32–8.4 μM Undetermined USA (Taori et al., 2008)
Linckoside L7 (165)/starfish Triterpenoid glycosidef Fertilization inhibition < 25 μg/mL⁎ Undetermined RUS (Kicha et al., 2007a)
Lyngbyastatin 4 (166)/bacterium Peptideg Elastase and chymotrypsin inhibition 0.03–0.3 μM Undetermined USA (Matthew et al., 2007)
Malevamide E (167)/bacterium Peptideg Extracellular Ca2+ channel inhibition 9 μM⁎ Undetermined USA (Adams et al., 2008)
Monodictysin C (168)/fungus Shikimate CYP1A inhibition 3.0 μM Undetermined DEU (Krick et al., 2007)
Monodictyochromes A and B (169, 170)/fungus Shikimate CYP1A inhibition 5.3–7.5 μM Undetermined DEU (Pontius et al., 2008b)
Penicillium waksmanii PF1270 A, B, and C (171, 172, 173)/fungus Alkaloidg Histamine H3 receptor agonists 0.12–0.2 μM Undetermined JPN (Kushida et al., 2007)
Penicillium sp. anisols (174, 175, 176)/fungus Polyketidee CYP3A4 inhibition 0.4–2 μg/mL Undetermined JPN (El-Beih et al., 2007)
Polysiphonia urceolata bromophenols (177, 178, 179, 180)/alga Polyketidee DPPH radical scavenging activity 6.1–8.1 μM Undetermined CHN (Li et al., 2007a, Li et al., 2007b, Li et al., 2008a, Li et al., 2008b, Li et al., 2008c)
Pompanopeptin A (181)/bacterium Peptideg Trypsin inhibition 2.4 μM Undetermined USA (Matthew et al., 2008)
Purpurone (182)/sponge Alkaloidg DPPH radical scavenging activity 7 μM Undetermined CHN, S. KOR, USA (Liu et al., 2008a, Liu et al., 2008b)
Saliniketals A and B (183, 184)/bacterium Polyketidee Ornithine decarboxylase induction 1.9–7.8 μg/mL Undetermined USA (Williams et al., 2007a, Williams et al., 2007b)
Sargassum sagamianum monoglyceride (185)/alga Polyketidee Phospholipase A2 and COX-2 inhibition ND Undetermined S. KOR (Chang et al., 2008)
Sargassum siliquastrum meroditerpenoids (186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191)/alga Terpenoidf DPPH radical scavenging activity 0.1–0.31 μg/mL⁎ Undetermined S. KOR (Jung et al., 2008)
Symphyocladia latiuscula bromophenols (192, 193, 194, 195)/alga Polyketidee DPPH radical scavenging activity 10.2–24 μM Undetermined CHN (Duan et al., 2007)
Tenacibactins C and D (196, 197)/bacterium PKS/NRPS Fe-binding (chelating) activity 110–115 μM Undetermined JPN (Jang et al., 2007a)

aOrganism, Kingdom Animalia: sea horse (Phylum Chordata), soft corals (Phylum Cnidaria), starfish (Phylum Echinodermata), sponge (Phylum Porifera); Kingdom Chromalveolata: dinoflagellates; Kingdom Fungi: fungus; Kingdom Plantae: alga; Kingdom Monera: bacterium; bIC50: concentration of a compound required for 50% inhibition in vitro; *: estimated IC50; ** Kd: concentration at which 50% of ligand binding sites are occupied; MMOA: molecular mechanism of action ;dCountry: CAN: Canada; CHN: China; EGY: Egypt; ESP: Spain; DEU: Germany; IND: India; ITA: Italy; JPN: Japan; NLD: The Netherlands; PAP: Papua New Guinea; RUS: Russia; S. KOR: South Korea; VNM: Vietnam. Chemistry: epolyketide; fterpene; gnitrogen-containing compound; hpolysaccharide, modified as in the text.