Table 3.
Effect of NO on the replication of viruses grown in different cells *
| Virus | Test system | Mechanism of NO production | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO‐induced inhibition of virus replication | |||
| Influenza A, B | Kidney cells | Viral RNA synthesis inhibited | Rimmelzwaan et al. (1999) |
| Influenza PR8 | Murine macrophage | Induce iNOS RNA | Imanishi et al. (2005) |
| Hantavirus | A549 cells | IFNs induced | Stoltz et al. (2007) |
| Vero E6 cells | Cytokine induced | Klingström et al. (2006) | |
| iNOS(−/−) mice | NO not produced | ||
| Coronavirus (SARS CoV) | Vero E6 cells | Viral RNA synthesis inhibited | Akerström et al. (2005) |
| Hepatitis B | Liver of transgenic mice | IFN‐γ‐induced iNOS | Guidotti et al. (2000) |
| LCMV | Liver of transgenic mice | IFN‐γ‐induced iNOS | Guidotti et al. (2000) |
| Coxsackievirus B3 | Macrophage in vitro | IFN‐γ‐induced iNOS | Jarasch et al. (2005) |
| Sendai virus | Mice | NO and peroxynitrite | Akaike et al. (2000) |
| Rabies virus | Neuroblastoma cells | Transcription inhibition | Ubol et al. (2001) |
| Junin virus | Astrocyte culture | iNOS/NO generation | Pozner et al. (2008) |
| Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) | Primarily JEV‐infected N18, human neuronal NT‐2, and BHK‐21 cells, as well as in persistently JEV‐infected C2‐2 cells. | Inhibit viral RNA synthesis | Lin et al. (1997) |
| DV | LLC‐MK2 monkey kidney cells | RdRp inhibition | Takhampunya et al. (2006) |
| Neuroblastoma cells | RNA production suppressed | Charnsilpa et al. (2005) | |
| NO‐induced increase of virus replication | |||
| HIV‐1 | T‐cell lines. Jurkat and MT‐2 | Activation of LTR‐mediated transcription | Jiménez et al. (2001) |
| Monocytes from PBMC of normal humans | Activation of NF‐κB by peroxynitrite | Aquaro et al. (2007) | |
| PBMC of HIV‐1 Patients | Decreased expression of iNOS RNA | Cairoli et al. (2008) | |
| Normal PBMC infected with HIV‐1 | Decreased expression of iNOS RNA | ||
| NO has no effect on virus replication | |||
| Vaccinia virus | Mice | iNOS‐deficient mice do not show increased viral replication | van den Broek et al. (2000) |
| Murine macrophage | Suppress iNOS through soluble viral protein | Bellows et al. (2003) | |
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Mice | INOS/NO are redundant | Bartholdy et al. (1999) |
| Mouse hepatitis virus | Mice | iNOS‐deficient mice do not increase | Wu et al. (2000) |
| Tick‐borne encephalitis virus | Mice macrophage | Increased NO production has no effect | Kreil & Eibl (1996) |
| Hepatitis B virus | Hepatoma cells | Increased iNOS expression has no effect | Proto et al. (2008) |
*
All viruses could not be included.LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus;LTR, long terminal repeat.