Table 3.
Risk factors for chronic viral hepatitis.1
| Established risk factors |
| · Injection drug use |
| · Chronic hemodialysis |
| · Blood transfusion or transplantation prior to 1992 (HCV) |
| · Receipt of blood (including needlestick) from a donor subsequently testing positive for HCV |
| · Receipt of clotting factor concentrates produced before 1987 |
| · Asian ancestry (HBV) |
| · Unvaccinated healthcare workers (HBV) |
| · Birth to mother with chronic HBV or HCV |
| Possible risk factors |
| · Body piercing or tattooing |
| · Multiple sexual partners or sexually transmitted diseases |
| · Healthcare workers (HCV) |
| · Contacts of HCV positive persons |
1
From CDC (63).