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. 2014 May 17;25:45–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1394

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© 2014 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Molecular events in the pathogenesis of hMPV infection. Virus attachment to toll-like receptors (TLR) of macrophage and/or dendritic cells activates several adapter molecules of the immune system (TRIF and MYD88), which in turn activates Nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκβ). RNA of internalized virus is detected by cytoplasmic RIG1-like receptor (RLR), which in turn activates NFκβ by activation of mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) and transcription activators interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF-3 and IRF-7). Finally NFκβ and IRFs induce the production of several interferons and interleukins.