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Zonal and annual mean changes in (a) HO2, (b) O3 production, (c) O3 loss, (d) NOx, (e) net O3 production, and (f) O3 for 1991/92 air traffic emissions of 0.56 Tg N yr−1. Regions are indicated where specific reactions occur, see text for details. Changes in production and loss rates are presented in a way that positive numbers indicate net O3 production. Adapted from Grewe et al. (2002a).
