Table 1.
Species | Emission index, g kg−1 (ranges) | Emission rate (2004) in Tg yr−1 | Comparable emission rate, Tg yr−1 | Comparable emission source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kerosene | 224 (180–224) | 3817 | Total petrol production (IEA, 2007) | |
CO2 | 3160 | 700 | 26,500 | Total anthropogenic CO2 emissions (Marland et al., 2006) |
H2O | 1240 | 275 | 45 | Methane oxidation in the stratosphere |
525,000 | Evaporation of H2O from Earth's surface | |||
NOx | 14 (12–17) | 3 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | Stratospheric sources |
17 ± 10 | Lightning (Schumann and Huntrieser, 2007) | |||
170 ± 20 | Total source | |||
Soot | 0.025 (0.01–0.05) | 0.006 | 12 | Combustion of fossil fuels and biomass |
SO2 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.18 | 130 | Total source from burning fossil fuels |
20–100 | Natural sources | |||
5.4, 8.0 | Non-eruptive, eruptive volcanoes | |||
CO | 3 (2–3) | 0.67 | 1500 | Total anthropogenic sources |
HC | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.09 | 90 | Total anthropogenic sources |