Table 1.
Fuel consumption and emitted species, mean emission indices (mass of emissions per unit mass of burned fuel, for the fleet of aircraft in 2000) total emission rates due to aviation and for comparison emission rates from other sources (extended from IPCC, 1999). Fuel consumption is based on data from the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2007). Mean emission indices for NOx, CO, soot and HC are taken from 2002 fleet averages computed within AERO2K (Eyers et al., 2005) and SAGE (Kim et al., 2007).
| Species | Emission index, g kg−1 (ranges) | Emission rate (2004) in Tg yr−1 | Comparable emission rate, Tg yr−1 | Comparable emission source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kerosene | 224 (180–224) | 3817 | Total petrol production (IEA, 2007) | |
| CO2 | 3160 | 700 | 26,500 | Total anthropogenic CO2 emissions (Marland et al., 2006) |
| H2O | 1240 | 275 | 45 | Methane oxidation in the stratosphere |
| 525,000 | Evaporation of H2O from Earth's surface | |||
| NOx | 14 (12–17) | 3 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | Stratospheric sources |
| 17 ± 10 | Lightning (Schumann and Huntrieser, 2007) | |||
| 170 ± 20 | Total source | |||
| Soot | 0.025 (0.01–0.05) | 0.006 | 12 | Combustion of fossil fuels and biomass |
| SO2 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.18 | 130 | Total source from burning fossil fuels |
| 20–100 | Natural sources | |||
| 5.4, 8.0 | Non-eruptive, eruptive volcanoes | |||
| CO | 3 (2–3) | 0.67 | 1500 | Total anthropogenic sources |
| HC | 0.4 (0.1–0.6) | 0.09 | 90 | Total anthropogenic sources |