Table 9.
Summary of recent contrail RF studies, forcings given in mW m−2.
| Study | Diurnal cycle | Contrail visible optical depth | Contrail cover | Year | LW | SW | Net |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myhre and Stordal (2001) | Yes | 0.3 (prescribed) | Sausen et al. (1998) | 1992 | 20.0 | −11.0 | 9.0 |
| Marquart et al. (2003) | No | Predicted | ECHAM GCM | 1992 | 4.9a | −1.4 | 3.5 |
| Fichter et al. (2005)a,b | No | Predicted | ECHAM GCM | ||||
| DLR-2 (dist/fuel) | 1992 | 4.5/4.5 | −1.3/−1.3 | 2.9/3.4 | |||
| TRADEOFF dist/fuel) | 4.1/4.4 | −1.2/−1.3 | 3.2/3.5 | ||||
| Stuber and Forster (2007) | Yes | 0.1 (prescribed) | Based on ECMWF forecast | 2002 | 3.34 | −1.35 | 2.0 |
| Rädel and Shine (2008) | Yes | 0.1 (prescribed) | Based on ECMWF forecast | 2002 | 10.1 | −4.2 | 5.9 |
a
Values adjusted for a 25% low bias in the ECHAM model.
b
Details; personal communication, Christine Fichter, DLR, 2009.