Table 1.

Characteristics of cases with CCHF acquired abroad.

	Authors (reference)	Year	Source of infection	Country of importation	Route of transmission	Age (years)/sex	Diagnosis	Occupation/reason for travel	Secondary infection	Outcome
1	Swanepoel et al. [16]	1985	Zaire (DRC)	South Africa	Cattle-farm exposure	48 M	Virus isolated	ND	ND	Died
2	Swanepoel et al. [16]	1986	Tanzania	South Africa	Possible tick bites	26 M	Serology	ND	ND	Survived
3	Stuart [17]	1997	Zimbabwe	UK	Unknown	78 F	Serology	Leisure	None	Died
4	ECDC [18]	2001	Bulgaria	Germany	Unknown	ND	Unknown	Leisure	ND	Survived
5	Jaureguiberry et al. [19]	2004	Senegal	France	Unknown	60 F	Serology & PCR	Business (voluntary radiology technician)	None	Survived
6	Tall et al. [20], [21]	2004	Senegal	France	Possible tick bites	72 F	Serology & PCR	Leisure	None	Died
7	Conger et al. [22], Olschläger et al. [23]	2009	Afghanistan	Germany	Frequent outdoor activities, tick bites, and exposure to undercooked goat meat and blood	22 M	Serology & PCR	Soldier (US)	Nosocomial transmission to 2 persons: Both survived	Died
8	ProMED [24]	2010	Namibia	South Africa	Sheep and cattle famer	ND M	Unknown	Farmer	None	Survived
9	Barr et al. [25]	2012	Afghanistan	UK	Animal slaughtering, contact with blood and other tissues of infected animal	38 M	PCR	Leisure	None	Died
10	ProMED [26]	2013	South Sudan	Uganda	Unknown	ND M	Unknown	Trader	None	Survived
11	ProMED [27]	2014	Namibia	South Africa	Farmer	40 M	Unknown	Farmer	None	Died
12	Lumley et al. [28]	2014	Bulgaria	UK	Tick bite and tick crushing	70 M	Serology & PCR	Leisure	None	Survived

DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo, UK: United Kingdom, ND: not defined, M: Male, F: Female, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.