Table 2.

Summary of reported PCR-based techniques used to detect M. hyopneumoniae

Reference	Type of PCR	Amplicon		Threshold of detection	Clinical samples tested
		Gene	Length (bp)
Harasawa et al. (1991)	S	Repeated unknown sequence	520	5 ng or 1000 CFU/mL	None
Artiushin et al. (1993)	S	Unique hypothetical gene	456	1–10 pg of DNA	BALF, lung tissue
Stemke et al. (1994)	S	16 SrRNA	200	1000 genome	None
Mattsson et al. (1995)	S	16 SrRNA	649	5 CFU	Nasal swab
Blanchard et al. (1996)	S	Putative ABC transporter	1561	500 fg	Tracheo-bronchial lavage
Stärk et al. (1998)	N	MHYP1-03-950 repetitive element	808	1 cell/filter	Filtered air sample
Baumeister et al. (1998)	S	Not given	853	100 CFU/mL	BALF
Calsamiglia et al. (1999a)	N	16SrRNA	352	80 cells	Nasal swab
Verdin et al. (2000)	N	Putative ABC transporter	706	1 fg	Tracheo-bronchial lavage, nasal swab
Caron et al. (2000)	S	Intergenic sequence (p36)	948	50 pg	Lung tissue, tracheo-bronchial lavage Nasal swab
	S	Intergenic sequence (p46)	580	0.5 ng
	M	p36 and p46	948 and 580	Not given
Kurth et al. (2002)	N	Unique hypothetical gene	240	0-5-1 fg	Tracheo-bronchial brushes, BALF
Dubosson et al. (2004)	RT	MHYP1-03-950 repeated element	808	1 fg	Bronchial swabs
		I-141 fragment putative ABC transporter	706	1 fg
Stakenborg et al. (2006b)	M	16SrRNA	1000	1 pg	None
Cai et al. (2007)	S	16SrRNA	649	0.18 CFU/g	Lung tissue

S, standard; N, nested; M, multiplex; RT, real time; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.