Table 5.
Linear and piecewise linear mixed models on the change of adherence over time
| Variable | Model | Parameter | Estimate (CI) | SE | z-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
TA – Electronic monitoring |
LMM – with linear trend |
Intercept Time |
5.05 (3.32, 6.77) | 0.88 | 5.74 | <.001** |
| −0.41 (− 0.65, − 0.172) | 0.12 | −3.38 | <.001** | |||
| LMM – with piecewise linear trend | Intercept | 4.16 (2.49, 5.82) | 0.85 | 4.90 | <.001** | |
| Time ≥ T2 | 0.77 (−0.86, 2.40) | 0.83 | 0.93 | 0.35 | ||
| Time ≥ T3 | −1.13 (−2.72, 0.47) | 0.81 | −1.38 | 0.17 | ||
| Time ≥ T4 | −0.01 (−1.31, 1.30) | 0.67 | − 0.01 | 0.99 | ||
| Time ≥ T5 | −0.81 (− 2.07, 0.45) | 0.64 | 1.26 | 0.21 | ||
| Time ≥ T6 | −0.49 (− 1.61, 0.62) | 0.57 | − 0.87 | 0.39 | ||
| TM ±2 h – Electronic monitoring | LMM – with linear trend | Intercept | 3.21 (2.26, 4.15) | 0.48 | 6.64 | <.001** |
| Time | −0.37 (− 0.55, − 0.20) | 0.09 | −4.13 | <.001** | ||
| LMM – with piecewise linear trend | Intercept | 2.44 (1.51, 3.37) | 0.47 | 5.17 | <.001** | |
| Time ≥ T2 | 0.58 (−0.53, 1.70) | 0.57 | 1.03 | 0.31 | ||
| Time ≥ T3 | −0.96 (−2.06, 0.14) | 0.56 | −1.71 | 0.09 | ||
| Time ≥ T4 | −0.25 (− 1.20, 0.71) | 0.48 | −0.50 | 0.61 | ||
| Time ≥ T5 | −0.47 (−1.41, 0.47) | 0.48 | −0.97 | 0.33 | ||
| Time ≥ T6 | −0.48 (−1.39, 0.43) | 0.46 | − 1.02 | 0.31 | ||
| TM ±30 min – Electronic monitoring | LMM – with linear trend | Intercept | 0.91 (0.15, 1.68) | 0.39 | 2.35 | <.05* |
| Time | −0.26 (− 0.41, − 0.11) | 0.08 | −3.38 | <.001** | ||
| LMM – with piecewise linear trend | Intercept | 0.76 (−0.04, 1.56) | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.06 | |
| Time ≥ T2 | −0.29 (−1.15,0.56) | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.50 | ||
| Time ≥ T3 | −0.22 (−1.07, 0.63) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.61 | ||
| Time ≥ T4 | −0.79 (−1.64, 0.06) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.07 | ||
| Time ≥ T5 | −0.13 (− 0.99, 0.74) | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.77 | ||
| Time ≥ T6 | 0.45 (− 0.43, 1.33) | 0.45 | 1.01 | 0.31 | ||
| Variable | Model | Parameter | Estimate (CI) | SE | t-value | Sign. |
| Intervention effect – self-assessment | LMM – with linear trend | Intercept | 1.81 (1.01, 2.62) | 0.41 | 4.43 | <.05* |
| Time | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.13) | 0.06 | 0.29 | ns | ||
| LMM – with piecewise linear trend | Intercept | 1.95 (1.13, 2.77) | 0.42 | 4.66 | <.05* | |
| Time ≥ T2 | −0.14 (−0.82, 0.55) | 0.35 | −0.39 | ns | ||
| Time ≥ T3 | −0.05 (− 0.74, 0.65) | 0.35 | − 0.13 | ns | ||
| Time ≥ T4 | −0.15 (− 0.55, 0.85) | 0.36 | 0.41 | ns | ||
| Time ≥ T5 | −0.20 (− 0.90, 0.50) | 0.36 | − 0.56 | ns | ||
| Time ≥ T6 | 0.40 (−0.30, 1.10) | 0.36 | 1.12 | ns |
Note: ** < .001, * p < .05, TA = Taking Adherence, TM + -2 h = Timing Adherence + − 2 h, TM + -30 min = Timing Adherence, LMM = Linear Mixed Model, ns = not significant