Table 3.
Pathogen Findings in BAL
| Findings in BAL | No. of Tests | No. of Positive Tests (% Positive) | Percent of Patients with Positive Test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fungal | |||
| Culture* | 66 | 18 (27) | 27 |
| Aspergillus spp. | 13 (20) | 20 | |
| Mucorales | 6 (9) | 9 | |
| Talaromyces | 1 (2) | 2 | |
| Galactomannan (OD ≥ .5) | 64 | 17 (27) | 26 |
| Aspergillus PCR | 40 | 8 (20) | 12 |
| Mucorales PCR | 3 | 1 (33) | 2 |
| Pneumocystis PCR† | 63 | 5 (8) | 8 |
| Viral | |||
| CMV | 61 | 19 (31) | 29 |
| Varicella zoster virus‡ | 57 | 5 (9) | 8 |
| Herpes simplex 1‡ | 59 | 5 (9) | 8 |
| Herpes simplex 2‡ | 59 | 0 | 0 |
| HHV-6‡ | 40 | 10 (25) | 15 |
| Influenza viruses | 62 | 3 (5) | 5 |
| Parainfluenza viruses | 59 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 59 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Human coronaviruses‡ | 59 | 5 (9) | 8 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 62 | 2 (3) | 3 |
| Adenoviruses‡ | 61 | 10 (16) | 15 |
| Enteroviruses‡ | 59 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Human bocavirus‡ | 59 | 5 (9) | 8 |
| Human rhinoviruses‡ | 59 | 12 (20) | 18 |
| Bacterial | |||
| Culture | 66 | 17 (26) | 26 |
| Gram-negative | 16 (24) | 24 | |
| Gram-positive | 1 (2) | 2 | |
| Atypical bacteria PCR | 63 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Toxoplasma PCR | 10 | 1 (10) | 2 |
| Mycobacteria culture | 4 | 0 | 0 |
*
Two patients with Aspergillus spp. + Mucorales.
†
One patient with additional positive direct microscopy.
‡
Classified as virus without established pathogenicity in the lung (see Methods).