Figure 13.

A. B. subtilis 168 are ground and digested by C. elegans and become nematode food;
B. schematic diagram of the pathogenic life cycle of the particular bacterium B. nematocida B16 against C. elegans;
C. molecular mechanism of the sensing and response to nematodes in B. nematocida B16: morpholine from C. elegans penetrates the B16 membrane, inducing the sporulation of B16 by inhibiting the activity of RapA and Spo0E.