Table.
Conditions associated with osteonecrosis
| Hematologic/oncologic |
| Renal transplant (with or without corticosteroids) |
| Sickle cell anemia |
| Thalassemia |
| Hemoglobinopathy |
| Thrombophilia |
| Marrow infiltrative disorders |
| Thrombophlebitis |
| Hypofibrinolysis |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| Hemophilia |
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| Anatomic |
| Trauma |
| Slipped capital femoral epiphyses |
| Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease |
| Congenital hip dislocation |
| Metabolic |
| Gaucher's disease |
| Fat embolism |
| Pancreatitis |
| Fabry's disease |
| Pregnancy |
| Chronic liver disease |
| Hypercholesterolemia |
| Diabetes |
| Hyperlipidemia |
| Gout |
| Rheumatologic |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (with or without corticosteroids) |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Necrotizing arteritis |
| Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome |
| Mixed connective tissue disease |
| Infectious disease |
| Osteomyelitis |
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection |
| Meningococcemia |
| Iatrogenic |
| Corticosteroids |
| Alcoholism |
| Cigarette smoking |
| Dysbaric osteonecrosis |
| Bisphosphonate use |
| Radiation therapy |
| Regional deep hyperthermia (in cancer treatment) |
From Powell C, Chang C, Gershwin ME. Current concepts on the pathogenesis and natural history of steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 41:102–113, 2011.