Fig. 2.

Infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and innate immune defense at the intestinal epithelial barrier. PEDV suppresses IFN-α/β production and PEDV-specific viral antagonists have been identified (see text). Some questions need to be explored for host-PEDV/PDCoV interactions and their pathogenic mechanisms. Question marks (red) indicate unknown mechanisms that remain to be studied as described in the text. IEC, intestinal epithelial cells; IEL, intraepithelial lymphocytes; DC, dendritic cells.