Table 2.
Modulation of innate immune response and signaling by PEDV.
| Modulation of innate immune responses by PEDV | Model | References |
|---|---|---|
| Suppression of IFN-β induction upon poly(I:C) stimulation and inhibits IRF3 nuclear translocation. | Vero E6 cells | Xing et al. (2013) |
| Suppression of type I IFN induction and degrades CBP in the nucleus. | MARC-145 cells | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| Lack of poly(I:C)-mediated IFN-β induction and blocking activation of IPS-1 in RIG-I-mediated pathway. | Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) | Cao et al. (2015a) |
| Ativation of NF-κB pathway through TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9. | IECs | Cao et al. (2015b) |
| Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway early during infection. | Vero cells | Kim and Lee (2015) |
| PEDV infection causes undetectable natural killer (NK) cell activity in suckling piglets compared to weaned pigs. | Pigs | Annamalai et al. (2015) |
| A marked induction of serum IFN-α in suckling pigs at 1 day post infection, but it is declined significantly to the base level at 5 days post-infection. | Pigs | Annamalai et al. (2015) |