Table 2. Descriptive analysis of variations in verbal fluency tasks and the keep track task for schizophrenia (n=141) and healthy groups (n=119) after ANOVA correction.
| Variable | SZ | HC | Skewness | Kurtosis | F (df=1.258) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letter fluency | ||||||
| Total words | 9.64±3.84 | 11.31±3.84 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 13.043 | < 0.001 |
| Related words | 2.07±1.88 | 2.51±1.76 | 0.78 | 0.27 | 3.730 | 0.05 |
| Number of clusters | 6.22±5.65 | 7.54±5.30 | 0.45 | -0.57 | 7.070 | 0.008 |
| Switching | 8.16±3.33 | 9.28±3.39 | 0.33 | -0.14 | 7.080 | 0.008 |
| Semantic fluency | ||||||
| Total words | 14.06±4.61 | 17.14±4.47 | 0.07 | 0.41 | 29.521 | < 0.001 |
| Related words | 6.62±4.20 | 9.30±4.72 | 0.27 | -0.26 | 12.843 | < 0.001 |
| Number of clusters | 2.89±1.12 | 3.39±1.13 | 0.02 | -0.78 | 23.40 | < 0.001 |
| Switching | 8.91±3.67 | 10.70±4.61 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 12.031 | < 0.001 |
| Keep track task | 13.16±3.82 | 16.81±3.16 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 18.79 | < 0.001 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise specified.
df = degrees of freedom; HC = healthy controls; SZ = schizophrenia.