Table 1. Selected characteristics of the 59 studies of mental health problems amongst medical students in Brazil included in qualitative analysis of a 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis.
| Study (date) | Region of Brazil | Students (n) | Mean age (years) | Male (%) | Mental health problem assessed/Instrument |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrão (2008)28 | SE | 400 | NR | 44 | Depression/BDI |
| Aguiar (2009)29 | NE | 199 | 22 | 54.5 | Stress/LSSI |
| Alberton (2013)30 | S | 391 | NR | 48.8 | Disordered eating patterns/EAT |
| Alexandrino-Silva (2009)31 | SE | 338 | 22.4 | 31 | Depression/BDI; suicidal ideation/BSI; hopelessness/BHS |
| Almeida (2007)32 | NE | 223 | 22 | 50.2 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Almeida (2016)33 | NE | 376 | 22.1 | 41.1 | Burnout syndrome/MBI-HSS |
| Amaral (2008)34 | CW | 287 | 21.3 | 45.7 | Depression/BDI |
| Amorim (2008)78 | SE | 285 | 21.1 | 47 | Potentially hazardous alcohol intake/AUDIT |
| Amorim (2012)35 | NE | 203 | NR | NR | Potentially hazardous alcohol intake/AUDIT |
| Baldassin (2006)36 | SE | 472 | 21.9 | 40.5 | Trait anxiety/STAI-T |
| Baldassin (2008)37 | SE | 481 | 21.9 | 40.5 | Depression/BDI |
| Baldassin (2013)38 * | SE | 481 | NR | 40.5 | Depression/BDI |
| Baldisserotto (2005)79 | S | 378 | 22.6 | 59 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Baltieri (2015)39 | SE | 100 | 21.4 | 100 | Depression/BDI |
| Bassols (2008)80 | S | 78 | 22 | 56.4 | Stress/LSSI |
| Bassols (2014)40 | S | 232 | 23.1 | 50.4 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/BAI |
| Bassols (2015)41 | S | 232 | 23.1 | 50.4 | Stress/LSSI |
| Brunch (2009)81 | S | 233 | NR | NR | Depression/BDI; trait anxiety/STAI-T |
| Cardoso (2009)42 | CW | 234 | 23.7 | 65.8 | Low sleep quality/PSQI |
| Castaldelli-Maia (2012)43 | SE | 732 | NR | 36.6 | Depression/BDI |
| Costa (2010)44 | NE | 473 | 22.6 | 49.7 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Costa (2012)45 | NE | 84 | 24.2 | 51.2 | Depression/BDI |
| Costa (2012)46 | NE | 369 | 22.4 | 50.4 | Burnout syndrome/MBI-HSS |
| Costa (2014)47 | NE | 93 | NR | NR | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Cunha (2009)48 | SE | 295 | 21.2 | 41.9 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Danda (2005)49 | NE | 410 | 21.7 | 53.1 | Excessive daytime sleepiness/ESS |
| Di Pietro (2009)50 | SE | 164 | NR | NR | Concern with body shape/BSQ |
| Facundes (2005)51 | NE | 141 | NR | NR | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Fiorotti (2010)52 | SE | 229 | NR | 50.2 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Furtado (2003)82 | SE | 178 | 22.2 | 41 | Stress/LSSI |
| Gavioli (2009)53 * | SE | 455 | NR | 38.8 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Guimarães (2005)83 | SE | 413 | 22.5 | 43.6 | Stress/LSSI |
| Hidalgo (2002)54 | S | 342 | NR | 58.2 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20; excessive daytime sleepiness/ESS |
| Hirata (2007)55 | NE | 161 | 22.1 | 47.8 | Depression/BDI |
| Leao (2011)56 | SE | 156 | 24.6 | 56 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/BAI |
| Lima (2006)57 | SE | 455 | NR | 38.8 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Loayza (2001)58 | S | 302 | 20.5 | 60.9 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Macedo (2009)59 | SE | 290 | 21.6 | 41 | Depression/BDI |
| Moro (2005)60 | S | 140 | NR | NR | Depression/BDI |
| Nicoli (2011)61 | SE | 110 | NR | 40.2 | Compulsive eating/BES |
| Pagnin (2014)62 | SE | 127 | 21.4 | 45 | Depression/BDI; Anxiety/BAI; excessive daytime sleepiness/ESS; low sleep quality/PSQI |
| Pagnin (2015)63 | SE | 193 | 21.4 | 46.1 | Low sleep quality/MSQ; depression/BDI |
| Paro (2010)64 | SE | 385 | 22.3 | 38.7 | Depression/BDI |
| Paula (2014)65 | NE | 652 | 22.7 | 41.1 | Depression/BDI-II |
| Porcu (2001)84 | S | 126 | NR | 55.6 | Depression/BDI |
| Rique (2014)66 | NE | 221 | 22.3 | 55.7 | Low sleep quality/PSQI; excessive daytime sleepiness/ESS |
| Rocha (2013)67 | NE | 354 | NR | 50.5 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Santos (2011)68 | NE | 234 | NR | NR | Burnout syndrome/MBI-HSS |
| Serra (2015)69 | SE | 657 | 22.7 | 38.8 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/BAI |
| Silva (2014)70 | SE | 434 | 22 | 41.9 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
| Silveira (2014)71 | S | 152 | 25.2 | 36.2 | Potentially hazardous alcohol intake/AUDIT |
| Souza (2010)85 | S | 359 | 21.3 | 43.4 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/STAI |
| Souza (2005)72 | NE | 562 | 21.5 | 57 | Stress/GHQ |
| Tabalipa (2015)73 | S | 262 | 23 | 43.9 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/BAI |
| Tempski (2015)74 | All | 1,350 | 22.8 | 47.1 | Depression/BDI; anxiety/STAI |
| Torres (2016)75 | SE | 471 | 22.5 | 41.6 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder/OCI-R; Depression/BDI |
| Vallilo (2011)86 | SE | 400 | 22.6 | 44 | Depression/BDI |
| Vasconcelos (2015)76 | NE | 234 | 22 | 34.2 | Anxiety and depression/HADS |
| Volcan (2003)77 | S | 165 | NR | 58.8 | Common mental disorders/SRQ-20 |
AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory, version II; BES = Binge Eating Scale; BHS = Beck Hopelessness Scale; BSI = Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation; BSQ = Body Shape Questionnaire; CW = Center-West; EAT = Eating Attitudes Test-26; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; GHQ = General Health Questionnaire; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; LSSI = Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory; MBI-HSS = Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey; MSQ = Mini-Sleep Questionnaire; NE = Northeast; NR = not reported; OCI-R = Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment; S = South; SE = Southeast; SRQ-20 = 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI-T = Trait Anxiety Inventory.
*
Not included in the quantitative synthesis.