Table 4.
Summary of PEDV pathology studiesa.
| Age at | Onset of | Infection Site |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inoculum | inoculation | Villi atrophy | clinical | Vertical (location) |
Longitudinal (extent) |
|||||
| PEDV strain | type/dose | Pig type | (day-old) | (VH:CD ratio) | signs | Villous | Crypt | D, J, I | C | Reference |
| (Classical strains) | ||||||||||
| CV777 | Fecal suspension (5–7 log PID) |
CDCD/conventional | 1–20 | Moderate to severe (∼2) | 24–40 | +++ (entire) | NR | D (NR), J, I (cont) | + | Debouck and Pensaert (1980) |
| CV777 | Fecal suspension (4 log PID) |
CDCD | 2–3 | Moderate to severe (NR) | 22–36 | +++ (entire) |
+ | D, J, I (cont) | + | Coussement et al. (1982) |
| CV777 | Fecal suspension (4 log PID) |
CDCD | 2–3 | Moderate to severe (1.5−4.2) |
22–36 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Coussement et al. (1982) |
| Japan/1993 | (naturally infection) | conventional | – | Severe 1.1–2.6 |
– | +++ (entire) | + | D, J, I (cont) | + | Sueyoshi et al. (1995) |
| Korea SNUVR971496 |
Cell culture (P3) (6.5 log TCID50) |
colostrum-deprived | 1 | Severe (1.1–3.3) |
12–36 | +++ (entire) |
– | D, J, I (cont.) | – | Kim and Chae (2003) |
| (Highly virulent strains) | ||||||||||
| US PC21A | Fecal suspension (6.3–9.0 log GE) |
gnotobiotic | 10–35 | Severe (<2) |
25–46 | +++ (entire) |
NR | D, J, I (cont.) | + | Jung et al. (2014) |
| US PC21A | Fecal suspension (11.8 log GE) |
conventional | 9 | Severe (1.1–1.4) |
∼24 | +++ (entire) |
NR | D, I, J (cont) |
+ | Jung et al. (2015) |
| US PC21A | Fecal suspension (10 log GE) |
conventional | 4 | Severe (0.9–2.0) |
<24 | +++ (entire) |
+ | D, J, I (cont) |
+ | Lin et al., 2015a, Lin et al., 2015b |
| US PC21A | Fecal suspension (11.8 log GE) |
conventional | 26 | Moderate to severe (1.2–3.0) |
72–182 | ++ (entire) |
NR | D, I, J (cont) |
+ | Jung et al. (2015) |
| US PC22A | Cell culture (P3) (1–4 log PFU) |
CDCD/conventional | 3–4 | Severe (0.8–2.3) |
18–24 | +++ (entire) |
+ | D, I, J (cont) |
+ | Liu et al. (2015) |
| USA/IN19338/2013 | Cell culture (P7) (3.7-0.3 log TCID50) |
conventional | 5 | Severe (1.2–1.7) |
24 | +++ (entire) |
NR | D, J (NR), I (cont) | NR | Thomas et al. (2015) |
| US/Iowa/18984/2013 | Cell culture (P6) (3 log PFU) |
conventional | 21 | Moderate to severe (1.8–4.2) |
48–120 | +++ (entire) |
NR | D, J, I (cont) |
NR | Madson et al. (2014) |
| US/Iowa/18984/2013 | Cell culture (P6) (3 log PFU) |
CDCD | 5 h | Severe (1.9–3.0) |
24 | +++ (entire) |
NR | D, J, I (cont) | NR | Madson et al. (2016) |
| Japan ZK-CHR | Cell culture (1.6 log TCID50) |
SPF | 7 | NR | 24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Yamamoto et al. (2015) |
| (S-INDEL strains) | ||||||||||
| Japan ZK-O | Cell culture (1.1 log TCID50) |
SPF | 7 | NR | ND | NR | NR | NR | NR | Yamamoto et al. (2015) |
| US Iowa106 | Fecal suspension (10–12 log GE) |
conventional | 4 | Moderate to severe (1.4–5.4) |
24–72 | ++ (entire) |
– | D (patch), J, I (cont) | – | Lin et al., 2015a, Lin et al., 2015b |
| US/IL20697/2014 | Cell culture (4 log TCID50) |
Conventional/milk replacer | 5 | Mild | Minimal | +/++ | NR | D, J (NR), I (patch) |
+ | Chen et al., 2016a, Chen et al., 2016b |
PID: pig infective dose; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; PFU: plaque formation unit; GE: genomic equivalent; CDCD: caesarian derived, colostrum deprived; SPF: specific pathogen free; VH: CD: villous height: crypt depth; D-duodenum, J-jejunum, I-ileum; cont. = continuous, NR = not reported; −, +, ++, and +++ denotes none, less than 30%, 30–60% and more than 60% of villous enterocytes showing a PEDV antigen positive signal, respectively.
a
This table is adapted/updated from Saif (1989) “Comparative aspects of enteric viral infections” In: Saif, L.J., Theil, K.W. (Eds.) Viral Diarrhea of Man and Animals. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, 9–34.