TABLE 2.
Clinical Outcomes of Propensity Score–Matched Cohort
| Not Treated With or Prescribed Antibiotics, n (%) | Treated With or Prescribed Antibiotics, n (%) | Pa | Model 1,a OR (95% CI) | Model 2,b OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 147 | 147 | — | — | — |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | |||||
| Treatment failure | 13 (8.8) | 13 (8.8) | .99 | 1.0 (0.45–2.2) | 0.66 (0.19–2.3) |
| Admission within 30 d | 5 (3.4) | 5 (3.4) | .99 | 1.1 (0.23–5.7) | 0.4 (0.03–4.7) |
| ED revisit within 30 d | 13 (8.8) | 12 (8.2) | .99 | 0.92 (0.40–2.1) | 0.81 (0.23–2.8) |
| Parent-reported outcomes | |||||
| Diagnosis of pneumonia since discharge, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | .99 | NA | NA |
| Medical care sought since discharge, n (%) | 54 (36.7) | 65 (44.2) | .24 | 1.4 (0.86–2.2) | 1.1 (0.59–2.1) |
| Type of medical care sought since discharge, n (%) | .52 | ||||
| Unscheduled visit | 11 (20.4) | 10 (15.4) | — | — | |
| Scheduled follow-up | 33 (61.1) | 49 (75.4) | — | — | |
| Follow-up because of worsening or not improving | 6 (11.1) | 4 (6.2) | — | — | |
| Routine visit | 2 (3.7) | 1 (1.5) | — | — | |
| Telephone follow-up | 2 (3.7) | 1 (1.5) | — | — | |
| Unscheduled visit or visit because of worsening, n (%) | 17 (11.6) | 14 (9.5) | .22 | 0.60 (0.26–1.4) | 0.51 (0.15–1.8) |
| Addition or change of antibiotic at any follow-up, n (%) | 7 (4.8) | 9 (6.1) | .61 | 1.3 (0.47–3.6) | 0.44 (0.071–2.7) |
| Days child kept from usual activity, median (IQR) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (1–4) | <.01 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 (0.94–1.4)c |
| Days of parental missed work, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | .4 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (0.88–1.6)c |
NA, not available; —, not applicable.
a
Propensity score–matched cohort.
b
Propensity score–matched cohort; model additionally adjusted for the presence of radiographic pneumonia.
c
Rate ratio.